Crab shell chitosan infusion: optimizing epoxy-polyamide composites membrane for improved mechanical and thermal properties

Abstract

This study focuses on advancing epoxy-polyamide composites through the incorporation of chitosan, derived from crab shells, a sustainable polymeric bio filler known for its ability to enhance mechanical and thermal properties. Utilizing a solution casting technique, composites were fabricated by blending various concentrations of chitosan into the epoxy-polyamide matrix. Several analytical methods, including FT-IR, XRD, SEM, DSC, and mechanical testing, were used to evaluate the modifications and properties of the composites. FT-IR confirmed successful chitosan incorporation into the ER-PA composites, supported by SEM analysis showing improved structural integrity. XRD revealed prominent diffraction peaks, reflecting increased crystallinity and efficient chitosan integration. SEM indicated uniform chitosan dispersion on smooth surfaces, enhancing fracture toughness. Mechanical study of the 1% chitosan blend demonstrated superior results, with an elasticity of 6.79 GPa and fracture elongation of 2.2%, surpassing the 5% blend. DSC data showed improved thermal stability, with the uncured composite exhibiting endothermic behavior at 100 °C and exothermic behavior at 400 °C. TGA confirmed enhanced thermal properties up to 780 °C, particularly for the 1% Cs blend, which also displayed outstanding amorphous characteristics. Overall, the mechanical study confirmed Young’s best modulus, toughness, and tensile strength in the 1% blend. A noticeable shift toward higher temperatures during accelerated heating indicated enhanced material durability. These findings highlight the significant potential of chitosan to improve the mechanical strength and thermal stability of epoxy-polyamide composites, making them suitable for demanding engineering applications where endurance and performance are critical.

Graphical abstract