Cu₂SnS₃ nano-spheres as a potent therapeutic agents: exploring their antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic competencies

IF 2.6 4区材料科学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Journal of Nanoparticle Research Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI:10.1007/s11051-025-06237-x

Jolly B. Raval, Sunil H. Chaki, Sefali R. Patel, Yati H. Vaidya, Ankurkumar J. Khimani, Parth Thakor, Anjali B. Thakkar, Milind P. Deshpande

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Abstract

Cu₂SnS₃ (CTS) is potent substitute for conventional compounds due to adjustable bandgap, conductivity of p-type, adaptable morphology, easy to synthesize, and superior thermoelectric properties. In this work, the CTS nano-spheres are synthesized by hydrothermal technique. The synthesized CTS nano-spheres are employed for the antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic application. Structural analysis by X-ray diffraction confirms cubic unit cell structure of CTS nano-spheres. The energy-dispersive X-ray analysis showed CTS nano-spheres to be copper-rich and tin-deficient. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed nano-spheres with needle-like surface features. The CTS nano-spheres possess direct bandgap of 1.58 eV, confirmed by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity shows 100% activity index with higher zone of inhibition in Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. The antioxidant activity of CTS nano-spheres determined using the DPPH assay showed IC₅₀ value of 61.60 µg/ml stating moderate antioxidant efficiency. The in vitro cytotoxic analysis is carried out by employing A549 lung cancer cell lines. The in vivo and vitro cytotoxic analysis provided the potent cytotoxicity of CTS nano-spheres, as reflected in LC₅₀ value of 40.40 µg/ml and IC₅₀ value of 57.75 ± 2.34 μg/ml. The mechanistic evolution of CTS nano-spheres for their antibacterial activity is proposed in this work. The leaching behaviour of CTS nano-spheres revealed higher leaching of Sn⁴⁺ ions than Cu⁺ ions, contributing to their strong antibacterial activity. The zeta potential of CTS nano-spheres is found to be − 30.70 mV, which showed less agglomeration of CTS nano-spheres, depicting an efficient antibacterial activity. The obtained results are rigorously analysed and supported with relevant data.

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铜₂SnS₃纳米球作为一种有效的治疗剂：探索其抗菌、抗氧化和细胞毒能力

Cu₂SnS₃（CTS）具有带隙可调、p型电导率高、形态适应性强、易于合成、热电性能优异等优点，是传统化合物的有力替代品。本文采用水热法制备了CTS纳米微球。合成的CTS纳米微球具有抗菌、抗氧化和细胞毒作用。x射线衍射分析证实了CTS纳米球的立方胞结构。能量色散x射线分析表明，CTS纳米球是富铜缺锡的。扫描电镜图像显示纳米球具有针状表面特征。经漫反射光谱证实，CTS纳米球的直接带隙为1.58 eV。对单核增生李斯特菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性指数为100%，抑菌带较高。DPPH法测定CTS纳米微球的抗氧化活性，IC50值为61.60µg/ml，具有中等抗氧化能力。采用A549肺癌细胞系进行体外细胞毒性分析。体内和体外细胞毒性分析表明，CTS纳米微球具有较强的细胞毒性，LC50值为40.40µg/ml， IC50值为57.75±2.34 μg/ml。本文提出了CTS纳米球抗菌活性的机理演化。CTS纳米球的浸出行为表明，Sn4+离子的浸出率高于Cu+离子，具有较强的抗菌活性。发现CTS纳米球的zeta电位为- 30.70 mV，表明CTS纳米球的团聚较少，具有良好的抗菌活性。得到的结果进行了严格的分析和相关数据的支持。

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来源期刊

Journal of Nanoparticle Research 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

4.40

自引率

4.00%

发文量

198

审稿时长

3.9 months

期刊介绍： The objective of the Journal of Nanoparticle Research is to disseminate knowledge of the physical, chemical and biological phenomena and processes in structures that have at least one lengthscale ranging from molecular to approximately 100 nm (or submicron in some situations), and exhibit improved and novel properties that are a direct result of their small size. Nanoparticle research is a key component of nanoscience, nanoengineering and nanotechnology. The focus of the Journal is on the specific concepts, properties, phenomena, and processes related to particles, tubes, layers, macromolecules, clusters and other finite structures of the nanoscale size range. Synthesis, assembly, transport, reactivity, and stability of such structures are considered. Development of in-situ and ex-situ instrumentation for characterization of nanoparticles and their interfaces should be based on new principles for probing properties and phenomena not well understood at the nanometer scale. Modeling and simulation may include atom-based quantum mechanics; molecular dynamics; single-particle, multi-body and continuum based models; fractals; other methods suitable for modeling particle synthesis, assembling and interaction processes. Realization and application of systems, structures and devices with novel functions obtained via precursor nanoparticles is emphasized. Approaches may include gas-, liquid-, solid-, and vacuum-based processes, size reduction, chemical- and bio-self assembly. Contributions include utilization of nanoparticle systems for enhancing a phenomenon or process and particle assembling into hierarchical structures, as well as formulation and the administration of drugs. Synergistic approaches originating from different disciplines and technologies, and interaction between the research providers and users in this field, are encouraged.