Cu₂SnS₃ nano-spheres as a potent therapeutic agents: exploring their antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic competencies

IF 2.1 4区材料科学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Journal of Nanoparticle Research Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI:10.1007/s11051-025-06237-x

Jolly B. Raval, Sunil H. Chaki, Sefali R. Patel, Yati H. Vaidya, Ankurkumar J. Khimani, Parth Thakor, Anjali B. Thakkar, Milind P. Deshpande

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Cu₂SnS₃ (CTS) is potent substitute for conventional compounds due to adjustable bandgap, conductivity of p-type, adaptable morphology, easy to synthesize, and superior thermoelectric properties. In this work, the CTS nano-spheres are synthesized by hydrothermal technique. The synthesized CTS nano-spheres are employed for the antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic application. Structural analysis by X-ray diffraction confirms cubic unit cell structure of CTS nano-spheres. The energy-dispersive X-ray analysis showed CTS nano-spheres to be copper-rich and tin-deficient. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed nano-spheres with needle-like surface features. The CTS nano-spheres possess direct bandgap of 1.58 eV, confirmed by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity shows 100% activity index with higher zone of inhibition in Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. The antioxidant activity of CTS nano-spheres determined using the DPPH assay showed IC₅₀ value of 61.60 µg/ml stating moderate antioxidant efficiency. The in vitro cytotoxic analysis is carried out by employing A549 lung cancer cell lines. The in vivo and vitro cytotoxic analysis provided the potent cytotoxicity of CTS nano-spheres, as reflected in LC₅₀ value of 40.40 µg/ml and IC₅₀ value of 57.75 ± 2.34 μg/ml. The mechanistic evolution of CTS nano-spheres for their antibacterial activity is proposed in this work. The leaching behaviour of CTS nano-spheres revealed higher leaching of Sn⁴⁺ ions than Cu⁺ ions, contributing to their strong antibacterial activity. The zeta potential of CTS nano-spheres is found to be − 30.70 mV, which showed less agglomeration of CTS nano-spheres, depicting an efficient antibacterial activity. The obtained results are rigorously analysed and supported with relevant data.

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来源期刊

Journal of Nanoparticle Research 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

4.40

自引率

4.00%

发文量

198

审稿时长

3.9 months

期刊介绍： The objective of the Journal of Nanoparticle Research is to disseminate knowledge of the physical, chemical and biological phenomena and processes in structures that have at least one lengthscale ranging from molecular to approximately 100 nm (or submicron in some situations), and exhibit improved and novel properties that are a direct result of their small size. Nanoparticle research is a key component of nanoscience, nanoengineering and nanotechnology. The focus of the Journal is on the specific concepts, properties, phenomena, and processes related to particles, tubes, layers, macromolecules, clusters and other finite structures of the nanoscale size range. Synthesis, assembly, transport, reactivity, and stability of such structures are considered. Development of in-situ and ex-situ instrumentation for characterization of nanoparticles and their interfaces should be based on new principles for probing properties and phenomena not well understood at the nanometer scale. Modeling and simulation may include atom-based quantum mechanics; molecular dynamics; single-particle, multi-body and continuum based models; fractals; other methods suitable for modeling particle synthesis, assembling and interaction processes. Realization and application of systems, structures and devices with novel functions obtained via precursor nanoparticles is emphasized. Approaches may include gas-, liquid-, solid-, and vacuum-based processes, size reduction, chemical- and bio-self assembly. Contributions include utilization of nanoparticle systems for enhancing a phenomenon or process and particle assembling into hierarchical structures, as well as formulation and the administration of drugs. Synergistic approaches originating from different disciplines and technologies, and interaction between the research providers and users in this field, are encouraged.