Plant-based diets and total and cause-specific mortality: a meta-analysis of prospective studies.

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Frontiers in Nutrition Pub Date : 2025-01-20 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.3389/fnut.2025.1518519

Qiwang Mo, Jizhongrong Wu, Yi Lu, Xiao Zhang

{"title":"Plant-based diets and total and cause-specific mortality: a meta-analysis of prospective studies.","authors":"Qiwang Mo, Jizhongrong Wu, Yi Lu, Xiao Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1518519","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The adherence to plant-based diets has been shown to positively impact longevity by reducing the incidence and severity of lifestyle-related diseases. Previous studies on the association of plant-based dietary pattern, as evaluated by plant-based dietary index (PDI), healthy plant-based dietary index (hPDI) and unhealthy plant-based dietary index (uPDI), with mortality risk have reported inconsistent results. We performed the present meta-analysis to summarize evidence on this association and to quantify the potential dose-response relationship based on all available cohort studies.Methods: A comprehensive literature search and systematic review of relevant articles up to October 2024 was performed in PubMed and Scopus. The summary risk estimates (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the highest versus the lowest category of PDIs, hPDIs and uPDIs were calculated. Dose-response meta-analysis was also performed for studies reporting categorical risk estimates for at least three quantitative levels of PDIs, hPDIs and uPDIs.Results: A total of 11 eligible cohort studies (13 datasets) were eventually included in this meta-analysis. Participants in the highest quintile of both the PDI and hPDI had a significantly decreased risk of all-cause mortality (pooled HRPDI = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.80-0.90; pooled HRhPDI = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.81-0.92) compared to participants in the lowest quintile. In contrast, the highest uPDI was associated with an increased risk of mortality (pooled HRuPDI = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.11-1.31). Dose-response meta-analysis showed that there was a non-linear relationship between PDI or hPDI level and all-cause mortality (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001 for non-linearity, respectively). No evidence of a non-linear relationship was observed for uPDI (p = 0.596 for non-linearity).Conclusion: Greater adherence to PDI or hPDI dietary pattern was associated with a lower risk of mortality, whereas uPDI dietary pattern was positively associated with mortality risk. Thus, promoting a plant-based dietary pattern may be a key strategy in improving public health and reducing the burden of diet-related mortality.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1518519"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11788165/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Frontiers in Nutrition","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1518519","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"NUTRITION & DIETETICS","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective: The adherence to plant-based diets has been shown to positively impact longevity by reducing the incidence and severity of lifestyle-related diseases. Previous studies on the association of plant-based dietary pattern, as evaluated by plant-based dietary index (PDI), healthy plant-based dietary index (hPDI) and unhealthy plant-based dietary index (uPDI), with mortality risk have reported inconsistent results. We performed the present meta-analysis to summarize evidence on this association and to quantify the potential dose-response relationship based on all available cohort studies.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search and systematic review of relevant articles up to October 2024 was performed in PubMed and Scopus. The summary risk estimates (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the highest versus the lowest category of PDIs, hPDIs and uPDIs were calculated. Dose-response meta-analysis was also performed for studies reporting categorical risk estimates for at least three quantitative levels of PDIs, hPDIs and uPDIs.

Results: A total of 11 eligible cohort studies (13 datasets) were eventually included in this meta-analysis. Participants in the highest quintile of both the PDI and hPDI had a significantly decreased risk of all-cause mortality (pooled HR_PDI = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.80-0.90; pooled HR_hPDI = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.81-0.92) compared to participants in the lowest quintile. In contrast, the highest uPDI was associated with an increased risk of mortality (pooled HR_uPDI = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.11-1.31). Dose-response meta-analysis showed that there was a non-linear relationship between PDI or hPDI level and all-cause mortality (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001 for non-linearity, respectively). No evidence of a non-linear relationship was observed for uPDI (p = 0.596 for non-linearity).

Conclusion: Greater adherence to PDI or hPDI dietary pattern was associated with a lower risk of mortality, whereas uPDI dietary pattern was positively associated with mortality risk. Thus, promoting a plant-based dietary pattern may be a key strategy in improving public health and reducing the burden of diet-related mortality.

Abstract Image

查看原文

微信好友朋友圈 QQ好友复制链接

本刊更多论文

植物性饮食与总死亡率和原因特异性死亡率：前瞻性研究的荟萃分析。

目的：坚持植物性饮食已被证明可以通过降低与生活方式相关疾病的发病率和严重程度来积极影响寿命。以往关于植物性饮食模式与死亡风险之间关系的研究，如植物性饮食指数（PDI）、健康植物性饮食指数（hPDI）和不健康植物性饮食指数（uPDI），报告的结果并不一致。我们进行了本荟萃分析，总结了这种关联的证据，并基于所有可用的队列研究量化了潜在的剂量-反应关系。方法：对PubMed和Scopus数据库中截止2024年10月的相关文章进行全面文献检索和系统综述。计算pdi、hpdi和updi最高和最低类别的总风险估计（RR）和95%置信区间（CI）。还对报告至少三个定量水平的pdi、hpdi和updi的分类风险估计的研究进行了剂量-反应荟萃分析。结果：共有11项符合条件的队列研究（13个数据集）最终被纳入本荟萃分析。PDI和hPDI最高的五分之一的参与者全因死亡风险显著降低(HRPDI合计 = 0.85；95% ci: 0.80-0.90；汇集HRhPDI = 0.86;95% CI: 0.81-0.92)与最低五分位数的参与者相比。相反，最高的uPDI与死亡风险增加相关(汇总HRuPDI = 1.20；95% ci: 1.11-1.31)。剂量-反应荟萃分析显示，PDI或hPDI水平与全因死亡率之间存在非线性关系（非线性p = 0.001,p p = 0.596）。结论：更坚持PDI或hPDI饮食模式与较低的死亡风险相关，而uPDI饮食模式与死亡风险呈正相关。因此，促进植物性饮食模式可能是改善公众健康和减少饮食相关死亡率负担的关键策略。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文去求助

来源期刊

Frontiers in Nutrition Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Food Science

CiteScore

5.20

自引率

8.00%

发文量

2891

审稿时长

12 weeks

期刊介绍： No subject pertains more to human life than nutrition. The aim of Frontiers in Nutrition is to integrate major scientific disciplines in this vast field in order to address the most relevant and pertinent questions and developments. Our ambition is to create an integrated podium based on original research, clinical trials, and contemporary reviews to build a reputable knowledge forum in the domains of human health, dietary behaviors, agronomy & 21st century food science. Through the recognized open-access Frontiers platform we welcome manuscripts to our dedicated sections relating to different areas in the field of nutrition with a focus on human health. Specialty sections in Frontiers in Nutrition include, for example, Clinical Nutrition, Nutrition & Sustainable Diets, Nutrition and Food Science Technology, Nutrition Methodology, Sport & Exercise Nutrition, Food Chemistry, and Nutritional Immunology. Based on the publication of rigorous scientific research, we thrive to achieve a visible impact on the global nutrition agenda addressing the grand challenges of our time, including obesity, malnutrition, hunger, food waste, sustainability and consumer health.