Effects of seal oil supplementation on lipid profile biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

IF 3.2 Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-29 DOI:10.1016/j.plefa.2025.102666

Mariano Gallo Ruelas , Ivo Queiroz , Túlio Pimentel , Arthur Henrique Tavares , Maria L.R. Defante , Lucas M. Barbosa , Igor Eckert

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Abstract

Background

Seal oil (SO) supplementation has been purported to have cardiovascular health benefits due to its content of omega-3 fatty acids; however, the clinical evidence base for this intervention has yet to be comprehensively assessed.

Objective

We aimed to evaluate the effects of oral SO supplementation on lipid profile biomarkers.

Methods

A systematic search was performed on Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library, from inception to August 2024. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of SO on lipid profile biomarkers were included. A random-effects meta-analysis was applied to determine the overall effect estimate. The certainty of evidence (CoE) was evaluated using the GRADE approach.

Results

Nine RCTs were included in the review after the screening of 242 studies, comprising a total of 626 patients. Supplementation of SO resulted in no statistically significant effects on LDL-C (MD -0.07 mmol/L; 95 % CI [-0.19, 0.05]; CoE: Low) and total cholesterol (MD -0.12 mmol/L; 95 % CI [-0.30, 0.06]; CoE: Very low). There were statistically significant results of modest-to-trivial clinical importance on triglycerides (MD -0.19 mmol/L, 95 % CI [-0.30, -0.08]; CoE: Low) and trivial importance on HDL-C (MD 0.07 mmol/L, 95 % CI [0.003, 0.13]; CoE: Very low).

Conclusion

There is no sufficiently certain evidence to determine the effects of SO on cardiovascular lipid biomarkers. Our analyses may suggest a modest-to-trivial, clinically uncertain beneficial effect on triglyceride levels; and little to no effect on LDL-C. Effect estimates for HDL-C and total cholesterol levels were highly uncertain. Further evidence is required to conclusively determine the effects of oral SO on lipid biomarkers.

Protocol registration number

CRD42024583739

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海豹油补充对脂质生物标志物的影响：随机对照试验的系统回顾和荟萃分析

海豹油（SO）补充剂被认为对心血管健康有益，因为它含有omega-3脂肪酸；然而，这种干预的临床证据基础尚未得到全面评估。目的评价口服SO补充剂对血脂生物标志物的影响。方法系统检索Pubmed、Embase、Web of Science和Cochrane Library，检索时间为建站至2024年8月。仅纳入了评估SO对血脂生物标志物影响的随机对照试验（rct）。采用随机效应荟萃分析确定总体效应估计。使用GRADE方法评估证据的确定性（CoE）。结果在242项研究筛选后，纳入9项rct，共纳入626例患者。补充SO对LDL-C的影响无统计学意义(MD -0.07 mmol/L；95% ci [-0.19, 0.05]；CoE：低)和总胆固醇(MD -0.12 mmol/L；95% ci [-0.30, 0.06]；CoE：非常低)。甘油三酯的临床重要性有统计学意义（MD -0.19 mmol/L, 95% CI [-0.30, -0.08]）；CoE：低)，对HDL-C不重要(MD 0.07 mmol/L, 95% CI [0.003, 0.13]；CoE：非常低)。结论目前尚没有足够的证据表明大豆油对心血管脂质生物标志物的影响。我们的分析可能表明对甘油三酯水平有轻微到微不足道的、临床不确定的有益影响；对LDL-C几乎没有影响对HDL-C和总胆固醇水平的影响估计高度不确定。需要进一步的证据来确定口服SO对脂质生物标志物的影响。协议注册号crd42024583739

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