Decreased vitamin D increase the risk for subclinical hypothyroidism in individuals with T2DM: a cross-sectional study.

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Frontiers in Nutrition Pub Date : 2025-01-22 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.3389/fnut.2025.1509465

Yaling Fang, Xin Wen, Hui You, Yueye Huang, Shen Qu, Xingchun Wang, Le Bu

{"title":"Decreased vitamin D increase the risk for subclinical hypothyroidism in individuals with T2DM: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Yaling Fang, Xin Wen, Hui You, Yueye Huang, Shen Qu, Xingchun Wang, Le Bu","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2025.1509465","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vitamin D is crucial for regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism. More studies have revealed its role in chronic diseases. Our study aimed to examine the relationship between thyroid function and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).Methods: 730 patients with T2DM were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Among them, 118 subjects were classified as obese, while 613 were classified as non-obese. Thyroid and 25 hydroxyvitamin D(25(OH)D) levels were measured. Patients were categorized into lower and higher VD groups based on the median. Thyroid function was compared between groups and their association was analyzed.Results: Body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TCH), triglyceride (TG), and free fatty acid (FFA) were significantly lower in the higher VD group compared to the lower VD group (all p < 0.05). In the higher VD group, free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels were significantly elevated (4.45 ± 0.93 vs. 4.95 ± 1.52 ng/mL, p < 0.001), while total triiodothyronine (TT4) (104.84 ± 21.17 vs. 99.99 ± 23.64 ng/mL, p = 0.008) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (2.88 ± 7.03 vs. 2.06 ± 1.72 ng/mL, p = 0.046) levels were significantly reduced compared to the lower VD group. VD showed a significant negative correlation with BMI, Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and FFA (r = -0.093, p = 0.016; r = -0.082, p = 0.036; r = -0.099, p = 0.011; r = -0.125, p = 0.001). FT3 and FT4 showed significant positive correlations with VD (r = 0.248, p < 0.001; r = 0.086, p = 0.025), while TT4 and TSH exhibited significant negative correlations (r = -0.103, p = 0.011; r = -0.080, p = 0.033). After adjusting for height, BMI, HGB, TCH, TG, FFA, and LDL, FT3 and FT4 remained significantly positively associated with VD (r = 0.227, p < 0.001; r = 0.089, p = 0.030), while TT4 and TSH continued to show significant negative associations (r = 0.091, p = 0.033; r = -0.081, p = 0.049). Linear regression analysis revealed a significant positive association between VD and FT3 (β = 4.144, p < 0.001) and negative associations with TT4 (β = -0.167, p < 0.001) and TSH (β = -0.412, p = 0.020). Logistic regression analysis indicated that VD serves as a protective factor against subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) (OR 0.987, 95% CI 0.974-0.999, p = 0.035), even after adjusting for BMI, FBG, FINS, TCH, and HDL (OR 0.986, 95% CI 0.974-0.999, p = 0.041). T2DM patients with SCH had lower 25(OH)D levels compared to those without SCH (46.45 ± 4.76 vs. 45.40 ± 5.84 ng/mL, p = 0.029).Conclusion: These results suggest a dual relationship between VD and thyroid function. T2DM patients with SCH exhibited reduced VD levels.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"1509465"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11794124/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Frontiers in Nutrition","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1509465","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"NUTRITION & DIETETICS","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Vitamin D is crucial for regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism. More studies have revealed its role in chronic diseases. Our study aimed to examine the relationship between thyroid function and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: 730 patients with T2DM were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Among them, 118 subjects were classified as obese, while 613 were classified as non-obese. Thyroid and 25 hydroxyvitamin D(25(OH)D) levels were measured. Patients were categorized into lower and higher VD groups based on the median. Thyroid function was compared between groups and their association was analyzed.

Results: Body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TCH), triglyceride (TG), and free fatty acid (FFA) were significantly lower in the higher VD group compared to the lower VD group (all p < 0.05). In the higher VD group, free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels were significantly elevated (4.45 ± 0.93 vs. 4.95 ± 1.52 ng/mL, p < 0.001), while total triiodothyronine (TT4) (104.84 ± 21.17 vs. 99.99 ± 23.64 ng/mL, p = 0.008) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (2.88 ± 7.03 vs. 2.06 ± 1.72 ng/mL, p = 0.046) levels were significantly reduced compared to the lower VD group. VD showed a significant negative correlation with BMI, Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and FFA (r = -0.093, p = 0.016; r = -0.082, p = 0.036; r = -0.099, p = 0.011; r = -0.125, p = 0.001). FT3 and FT4 showed significant positive correlations with VD (r = 0.248, p < 0.001; r = 0.086, p = 0.025), while TT4 and TSH exhibited significant negative correlations (r = -0.103, p = 0.011; r = -0.080, p = 0.033). After adjusting for height, BMI, HGB, TCH, TG, FFA, and LDL, FT3 and FT4 remained significantly positively associated with VD (r = 0.227, p < 0.001; r = 0.089, p = 0.030), while TT4 and TSH continued to show significant negative associations (r = 0.091, p = 0.033; r = -0.081, p = 0.049). Linear regression analysis revealed a significant positive association between VD and FT3 (β = 4.144, p < 0.001) and negative associations with TT4 (β = -0.167, p < 0.001) and TSH (β = -0.412, p = 0.020). Logistic regression analysis indicated that VD serves as a protective factor against subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) (OR 0.987, 95% CI 0.974-0.999, p = 0.035), even after adjusting for BMI, FBG, FINS, TCH, and HDL (OR 0.986, 95% CI 0.974-0.999, p = 0.041). T2DM patients with SCH had lower 25(OH)D levels compared to those without SCH (46.45 ± 4.76 vs. 45.40 ± 5.84 ng/mL, p = 0.029).

Conclusion: These results suggest a dual relationship between VD and thyroid function. T2DM patients with SCH exhibited reduced VD levels.

查看原文

微信好友朋友圈 QQ好友复制链接

本刊更多论文

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文去求助

来源期刊

Frontiers in Nutrition Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Food Science

CiteScore

5.20

自引率

8.00%

发文量

2891

审稿时长

12 weeks

期刊介绍： No subject pertains more to human life than nutrition. The aim of Frontiers in Nutrition is to integrate major scientific disciplines in this vast field in order to address the most relevant and pertinent questions and developments. Our ambition is to create an integrated podium based on original research, clinical trials, and contemporary reviews to build a reputable knowledge forum in the domains of human health, dietary behaviors, agronomy & 21st century food science. Through the recognized open-access Frontiers platform we welcome manuscripts to our dedicated sections relating to different areas in the field of nutrition with a focus on human health. Specialty sections in Frontiers in Nutrition include, for example, Clinical Nutrition, Nutrition & Sustainable Diets, Nutrition and Food Science Technology, Nutrition Methodology, Sport & Exercise Nutrition, Food Chemistry, and Nutritional Immunology. Based on the publication of rigorous scientific research, we thrive to achieve a visible impact on the global nutrition agenda addressing the grand challenges of our time, including obesity, malnutrition, hunger, food waste, sustainability and consumer health.