Olive leaf as a functional cosmetic ingredient and analysis of the principal component

IF 2.5 4区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Analytical biochemistry Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-06 DOI:10.1016/j.ab.2025.115802

Mehmet Öztürk, Selay Ender, Ebru Kurtulbaş, Selin Şahin

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Abstract

The present study aims to present a novel and environmentally sustainable method for extraction of phenolic antioxidants from olive leaves using a deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of urea and glycerol. These components were selected due to their availability and compatibility with cosmetic formulations. The homogenizer-assisted extraction (HAE) system was designed, modelled and optimized by 3-factor and 3-level central composite design (CCD) of Response Surface method (RSM). The optimal HAE conditions (30 s of homogenizing, 70 % (v/v) water content in the DES and 0.1 g of leaf sample) provided the highest yields of total phenolic content (28.448 mg-GAE/g-DL) and antioxidant activity (26.263 mg-TEAC/g-DL), which were verified by satisfactory validation findings (the error<2 %). The application of the best DES-based olive leaf extract was investigated through the Rancimat test in order to provide a measure of stability against oxidation. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the Rancimat data indicated significant correlations among the quality characteristics (phenolic content and antioxidant activity) of the samples. These findings demonstrates the cosmetic relevance of olive leaf metabolites as a sustainable bioactive ingredient in cream-based cosmetic products. The use of glycerol and urea in DES offers a practical approach for the introducing natural antioxidants into skin-care formulations.

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橄榄叶作为功能性化妆品成分及其主成分分析

本研究旨在提出一种新的、环境可持续的方法，利用由尿素和甘油组成的深共晶溶剂（DES）从橄榄叶中提取酚类抗氧化剂。选择这些成分是因为它们的可用性和与化妆品配方的兼容性。采用响应面法（RSM）的3因素3水平中心复合设计（CCD）对均质机辅助萃取（HAE）体系进行了设计、建模和优化。最佳的HAE条件（匀浆30 s， DES含水量70% (v/v)，叶片样品0.1 g）可获得最高的总酚含量（28.448 mg-GAE/g- dl）和抗氧化活性（26.263 mg-TEAC/g- dl），验证结果令人满意（误差为2%）。为了提供抗氧化稳定性的衡量标准，通过rangimat试验研究了最佳des基橄榄叶提取物的应用。主成分分析（PCA）表明，香薯质量性状（酚类含量和抗氧化活性）之间存在显著的相关性。这些发现证明了橄榄叶代谢物作为乳霜化妆品中可持续生物活性成分的化妆品相关性。甘油和尿素在DES中的使用为将天然抗氧化剂引入护肤配方提供了一种实用的方法。

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来源期刊

Analytical biochemistry 生物-分析化学

CiteScore

5.70

自引率

0.00%

发文量

283

审稿时长

44 days

期刊介绍： The journal''s title Analytical Biochemistry: Methods in the Biological Sciences declares its broad scope: methods for the basic biological sciences that include biochemistry, molecular genetics, cell biology, proteomics, immunology, bioinformatics and wherever the frontiers of research take the field. The emphasis is on methods from the strictly analytical to the more preparative that would include novel approaches to protein purification as well as improvements in cell and organ culture. The actual techniques are equally inclusive ranging from aptamers to zymology. The journal has been particularly active in: -Analytical techniques for biological molecules- Aptamer selection and utilization- Biosensors- Chromatography- Cloning, sequencing and mutagenesis- Electrochemical methods- Electrophoresis- Enzyme characterization methods- Immunological approaches- Mass spectrometry of proteins and nucleic acids- Metabolomics- Nano level techniques- Optical spectroscopy in all its forms. The journal is reluctant to include most drug and strictly clinical studies as there are more suitable publication platforms for these types of papers.