A structural equation modeling approach to investigating the influence of smart kitchen appliance design features on older adults' technology acceptance

Abstract

This study investigates the influence of smart kitchen appliance design features on older adults' technology acceptance in China using the Smart Kitchen Appliance–Senior Technology Acceptance Model (SKA–STAM). The SKA–STAM extends the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with five key design elements: ergonomics, visuals, functions, interactive interfaces, and brands. A cross-sectional survey using a structured questionnaire was administered to 352 Chinese older adults aged 65–84 in first- and second-tier cities from August to October 2024. Participants were recruited through convenience sampling in residential areas, parks, and fitness spaces in Shanghai and Nanjing, and online random sampling in other cities. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the relationships between design elements, older adults' perceptions, and behavioral intention. The results support the significant role of ergonomics, functions, interactive interfaces, and brands in shaping older users' perceived usefulness, ease of use, and enjoyment. Perceived ease of use emerged as a critical mediator linking design elements to usefulness and enjoyment perceptions. The findings contribute to the theoretical understanding of technology acceptance among older adults and provide practical insights for designing senior-friendly smart kitchen appliances.