A review of salt mechanical behavior, stability and site selection of underground hydrogen storage in salt cavern-Moroccan case

Abstract

In the context of climate change and the importance of reducing the dependence on fossil fuels, salt caverns are considered an optimize solution to store hydrogen underground thanks to its large storage capacity, high withdrawal rate and cost effectiveness. However, hydrogen storage technology utilizing underground facilities is still in its early stages. In order to establish the state of the art, this review article seeks to define, characterize, and sum up the key components of this technology, including the behavior of rock salt, the formation of salt caverns, stability assessment and associated risks. A synthesis of the mechanical behavior of rock salt is conducted, alongside analytical and simulation-based approaches to underground hydrogen storage. Challenges to achieving safe and efficient geological hydrogen storage are discussed, with clarification of suitable site selection criteria, as they play a crucial role in the effective storage operation, as well as an economic analysis inspired from different studies. Finally, the identification of Moroccan salt deposits for potential hydrogen storage site is discussed.