Estimating neutralising antibody responses against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants utilising convalescent sera before the roll-out of XBB-lineage vaccines

IF 4.5 3区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Vaccine Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126898

Ana Atti , Anna England , Julia Sung , Sarah Foulkes , Jasmin Islam , Ashley Otter , Kelly Thomas , Bassam Hallis , Susan Hopkins , Sue Charlton , Victoria Hall

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Abstract

Background

SARS-CoV-2 immune escape variants can alter existing vaccine effectiveness. In September 2023, we aimed to predict the neutralising response against BA.2.86 offered by XBB-lineage vaccines before vaccine roll-out utilising XBB.1.5 convalescent sera. We then assessed the response to XBB-lineage boosters from different individuals in the same cohort.

Methods

A total of 78 sera samples (pre/post-XBB.1.5 infection and pre/post-XBB-lineage vaccination) were tested for live microneutralisation against SARS-CoV-2 Victoria and Omicron subvariants. Geometric means (GM) of neutralising antibody titres (nAbT) pre- and post-infection/vaccination were compared.

Results

After XBB.1.5 infection, a 4-fold increase in neutralising antibody titres against BA.2.86 was observed compared to pre-infection titres (GM 51 vs 210, p ≤ 0.0001). A similar increase in BA.2.86 nAbT was seen post-XBB-lineage vaccination (GM 144 vs 600, fold change = 4.17, p ≤ 0.0001).

Conclusion

XBB.1.5 infection was a suitable proxy to predict the neutralisation response following XBB-lineage vaccination. Our findings may support future vaccine development and vaccination strategies.

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在推出xbb谱系疫苗之前，利用恢复期血清估计针对新出现的SARS-CoV-2变体的中和抗体反应

sars - cov -2免疫逃逸变体可以改变现有疫苗的有效性。在2023年9月，我们的目标是在利用XBB.1.5恢复期血清推出疫苗之前，预测xbb -系疫苗对BA.2.86的中和反应。然后，我们评估了同一队列中不同个体对xbb谱系增强剂的反应。方法对78份血清（感染xbb .1.5前/后和接种xbb前/后）进行了对SARS-CoV-2 Victoria和Omicron亚变体的活微量中和检测。比较了感染/接种前后中和抗体滴度（nAbT）的几何平均值（GM）。结果XBB.1.5感染后，与感染前相比，BA.2.86的中和抗体滴度增加了4倍（GM 51 vs 210, p≤0.0001）。接种XBB-lineage疫苗后，BA.2.86 nAbT也出现了类似的增加（GM 144 vs 600，倍数变化= 4.17,p≤0.0001）。结论xbb .1.5感染是预测XBB-lineage疫苗接种后中和反应的合适代理。我们的发现可能支持未来的疫苗开发和疫苗接种策略。

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来源期刊

Vaccine 医学-免疫学

CiteScore

8.70

自引率

5.50%

发文量

992

审稿时长

131 days

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