The impact of perfectionism profiles on perceived academic achievement, self-compassion, and wellbeing among undergraduate students in New Zealand

Abstract

This study examines the impact of distinct perfectionism profiles on perceived academic achievement, self-compassion, and well-being among undergraduate students in New Zealand (n = 327). Meaningful trends emerged between the perfectionism dimensions—Personal Standards Perfectionism (PSP) and Evaluative Concerns Perfectionism (ECP)—and the variables of interest, with a particularly strong negative association between ECP and self-compassion. Using a person-centred approach, we identified three perfectionism profiles: Pure PSP, High-Range Mixed Perfectionists, and Mid-Range Mixed Perfectionists. Results indicate that Pure PSP students reported the highest levels of wellbeing and life satisfaction, while High-Range Mixed Perfectionists displayed moderate wellbeing with lower self-compassion. Mid-Range Mixed Perfectionists, despite higher self-compassion, reported lower wellbeing and perceived achievement. Structural equation modelling revealed significant effects of perfectionism profiles on life satisfaction, mediated by perceived academic achievement, self-compassion, and subjective well-being. These findings highlight the nuanced relationships between perfectionism dimensions and their impact on student outcomes.