Junction less tunnel field-effect transistors (JLTFET): A transformation from design to diagnosis

Abstract

Junction-less tunnel field-effect transistors (JLTFET) have emerged as promising candidates for biosensing applications due to their unique characteristic features including compatibility with CMOS technology, high sensitivity, label-free detection, real-time monitoring, low biomolecule concentration detection capabilities and low power consumption. Numerous studies indicate that JLTFET based biosensors requires well-modified immobilization techniques and optimization of surface functionalization processes to enhance the sensor's selectivity and multiplexed detection to generate significant biological signals with minimal non-specific binding. Nevertheless, there is still a significant gap in research to solve the technical issues related to appropriate design structure, fabrication techniques, functionalization, sensitivity with respect to targeted intercellular biological tiny particles, and lower signal-to-noise ratio of JLTFET biosensor. This advancement will allow finding exceptional characteristics of JLTFET biosensor to design an appropriate sensing device for the intracellular measurements and diseases detection. This review presents recent progress in healthcare applications of JLTFET biosensor with focus on widely used fabrication techniques, components, characteristics, effect of structural change on sensitivity, their benefits and limitations. The paper also discusses the impact of AI, current progress, key factors for sensitivity, selectivity and efficiency improvement as well as the challenges, upcoming trends and other perspectives of JLTFET based biosensors.