{"title":"Major Etiologies of Male Infertility Among Couples Attending Fertility Clinics in Osun State, Nigeria: Findings From a Mixed-Method Study","authors":"Kehinde Awodele, Sunday Charles Adeyemo, Eniola Dorcas Olabode, Adeniyi Olanipekun Fasanu, Akintunde Rasaq Akindele, Segun Adegboyega Afolabi, Funso Abidemi Olagunju, Olusegun Oyerinde, Lanre Olaitan","doi":"10.1155/ijcp/7884777","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n <p>Male infertility accounts for nearly half of the infertility cases globally. Seminal fluid analysis (SFA) is a critical diagnostic tool in the evaluation of male infertility. This study aimed to assess the implications of SFA on male infertility among patients attending fertility clinics in Osogbo, Nigeria. The study employed a mixed-method approach of both qualitative (key informant interview [KII]) among 10 participants and quantitative methods (cross-sectional survey) using a pretested structured questionnaire among 305 respondents. The respondents in the cross-sectional survey were also made to undergo SFA. The data from the qualitative study were analyzed using ATLAS.ti, while the data from the quantitative study were analyzed using IBM Statistical Product for Service Solution (SPSS) version 27.0. Descriptive statistics was carried out for all variables. The univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were done using <i>p</i> < 0.05 as the level of significance. The SFA of the respondents revealed that 241 (79.0%) had normal sperm counts (> 32 million per ejaculation), while 64 (21.0%) had abnormal sperm counts. Only 101 (33.1%) had sperm cells with normal progressive motility (> 32%), while 204 (66.9%) had abnormal (Athenospermia) progressive motility. One hundred and ninety-five (63.9%) were found to have abnormal morphology (Teratospermia, i.e., < 4%). The analysis of the data from the KII further explained the implications of SFA parameters on infertile males, and these were substantial, extending beyond physical health to encompass psychological, emotional, and social well-being. The study concluded that lifestyle modifications, early diagnosis, and prompt treatment of medical conditions can help reduce the high prevalence of SFA abnormalities and, consequently, decrease male infertility in our environment. This study recommends that advocacy programs, early screening, and public health education will further reduce the burden of infertility among the men.</p>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":13782,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Practice","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/ijcp/7884777","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Clinical Practice","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/ijcp/7884777","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Male infertility accounts for nearly half of the infertility cases globally. Seminal fluid analysis (SFA) is a critical diagnostic tool in the evaluation of male infertility. This study aimed to assess the implications of SFA on male infertility among patients attending fertility clinics in Osogbo, Nigeria. The study employed a mixed-method approach of both qualitative (key informant interview [KII]) among 10 participants and quantitative methods (cross-sectional survey) using a pretested structured questionnaire among 305 respondents. The respondents in the cross-sectional survey were also made to undergo SFA. The data from the qualitative study were analyzed using ATLAS.ti, while the data from the quantitative study were analyzed using IBM Statistical Product for Service Solution (SPSS) version 27.0. Descriptive statistics was carried out for all variables. The univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were done using p < 0.05 as the level of significance. The SFA of the respondents revealed that 241 (79.0%) had normal sperm counts (> 32 million per ejaculation), while 64 (21.0%) had abnormal sperm counts. Only 101 (33.1%) had sperm cells with normal progressive motility (> 32%), while 204 (66.9%) had abnormal (Athenospermia) progressive motility. One hundred and ninety-five (63.9%) were found to have abnormal morphology (Teratospermia, i.e., < 4%). The analysis of the data from the KII further explained the implications of SFA parameters on infertile males, and these were substantial, extending beyond physical health to encompass psychological, emotional, and social well-being. The study concluded that lifestyle modifications, early diagnosis, and prompt treatment of medical conditions can help reduce the high prevalence of SFA abnormalities and, consequently, decrease male infertility in our environment. This study recommends that advocacy programs, early screening, and public health education will further reduce the burden of infertility among the men.
男性不育症占全球不育症病例的近一半。精液分析（SFA）是评估男性不育症的重要诊断工具。本研究旨在评估SFA对在尼日利亚Osogbo的生育诊所就诊的男性不育患者的影响。本研究采用10名参与者的定性（关键信息者访谈[KII]）和305名受访者的定量（横断面调查）相结合的混合方法，使用预测试的结构化问卷。在横断面调查的受访者也被要求接受SFA。采用ATLAS对定性研究数据进行分析。ti，而定量研究的数据使用IBM Statistical Product for Service Solution (SPSS) version 27.0进行分析。对所有变量进行描述性统计。单因素、双因素和多因素分析采用p <；0.05为显著性水平。调查对象的SFA显示，241人（79.0%）精子数量正常(>；32万次射精)，而64例（21.0%）精子数量异常。只有101例（33.1%）的精子细胞具有正常的进行性运动(>；32%)， 204例（66.9%）进行性运动异常（Athenospermia）。195例（63.9%）发现形态异常(畸形精子症，即<；4%)。对KII数据的分析进一步解释了SFA参数对不育男性的影响，这些影响是实质性的，从身体健康延伸到心理、情感和社会福祉。该研究得出结论，改变生活方式、早期诊断和及时治疗疾病有助于降低SFA异常的高发率，从而减少我们环境中的男性不育症。本研究建议宣传项目、早期筛查和公共健康教育将进一步减轻男性不育的负担。
期刊介绍：
IJCP is a general medical journal. IJCP gives special priority to work that has international appeal.
IJCP publishes:
Editorials. IJCP Editorials are commissioned. [Peer reviewed at the editor''s discretion]
Perspectives. Most IJCP Perspectives are commissioned. Example. [Peer reviewed at the editor''s discretion]
Study design and interpretation. Example. [Always peer reviewed]
Original data from clinical investigations. In particular: Primary research papers from RCTs, observational studies, epidemiological studies; pre-specified sub-analyses; pooled analyses. [Always peer reviewed]
Meta-analyses. [Always peer reviewed]
Systematic reviews. From October 2009, special priority will be given to systematic reviews. [Always peer reviewed]
Non-systematic/narrative reviews. From October 2009, reviews that are not systematic will be considered only if they include a discrete Methods section that must explicitly describe the authors'' approach. Special priority will, however, be given to systematic reviews. [Always peer reviewed]
''How to…'' papers. Example. [Always peer reviewed]
Consensus statements. [Always peer reviewed] Short reports. [Always peer reviewed]
Letters. [Peer reviewed at the editor''s discretion]
International scope
IJCP publishes work from investigators globally. Around 30% of IJCP articles list an author from the UK. Around 30% of IJCP articles list an author from the USA or Canada. Around 45% of IJCP articles list an author from a European country that is not the UK. Around 15% of articles published in IJCP list an author from a country in the Asia-Pacific region.
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