The efficacy of virtual-reality teaching and learning method in enhancing interprofessional knowledge, clinical skill performance, and self-confidence in nursing education: A systematic review and meta-analysis

IF 4.2 2区医学 Q1 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Nurse Education Today Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-03 DOI:10.1016/j.nedt.2025.106661

Samfriati Sinurat , Mestiana Br. Karo , Romida Simbolon , Ita Daryanti Saragih , Dame Elysabeth Tuty Arna Uly Tarihoran , Sapna Sharma , Fan-Hao Chou

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Abstract

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of virtual reality in enhancing nursing students' knowledge, clinical skill performance, and self-confidence.

Design

A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources

Six databases—CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science—were comprehensively searched for randomized controlled trials, published from database inception to May 3, 2024, which investigated virtual reality in nursing education.

Review methods

Version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials was used to examine five domains of potential bias in the trials. Random effects models were applied in the meta-analysis and assessment of heterogeneity.

Results

Nine studies with a total of 660 nursing students were included in the final analysis. Virtual-reality teaching and learning appeared to improve students' knowledge (pooled standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.24; 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 0.01–0.46; p = 0.04) and self-confidence (pooled SMD = 0.40; 95 % CI = 0.16–0.64; p < 0.001). Egger's regression test of each pooled result indicated that publication bias had only a minor influence on the pooled analysis.

Conclusion

Virtual-reality learning was effective in increasing nursing students' knowledge and self-confidence in nursing learning. The incorporation of virtual reality into the teaching and learning process in nursing education is a promising strategy to enhance nursing students' competencies. Future research is necessary to improve virtual reality–based learning methods, as well as to determine their long-term implications for nursing education.

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虚拟现实教学方法在提高护理教育跨专业知识、临床技能表现和自信方面的效果：系统回顾和荟萃分析

目的探讨虚拟现实技术在提高护生知识水平、临床技能表现和自信心方面的作用。设计系统回顾和荟萃分析。数据来源我们全面检索了essix数据库（cinahl、Cochrane Library、Embase、MEDLINE、PubMed和Web of science），检索了从数据库建立到2024年5月3日发表的研究虚拟现实在护理教育中的应用的随机对照试验。回顾性分析方法使用Cochrane随机试验风险偏倚工具第2版来检查试验中可能存在偏倚的5个领域。随机效应模型应用于meta分析和异质性评估。结果纳入9项研究，共660名护生纳入最终分析。虚拟现实教学似乎提高了学生的知识水平(统一标准化平均差[SMD] = 0.24；95%置信区间[CI] = 0.01-0.46；p = 0.04)和自信(汇总SMD = 0.40；95% ci = 0.16-0.64；p & lt;0.001)。每个合并结果的Egger回归检验表明，发表偏倚对合并分析的影响较小。结论虚拟现实学习能有效提高护生护理学习的知识和自信心。将虚拟现实技术融入护理教育的教学过程，是提高护理专业学生能力的有效策略。未来的研究需要改进基于虚拟现实的学习方法，并确定其对护理教育的长期影响。

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来源期刊

Nurse Education Today 医学-护理

CiteScore

6.90

自引率

12.80%

发文量

349

审稿时长

58 days

期刊介绍： Nurse Education Today is the leading international journal providing a forum for the publication of high quality original research, review and debate in the discussion of nursing, midwifery and interprofessional health care education, publishing papers which contribute to the advancement of educational theory and pedagogy that support the evidence-based practice for educationalists worldwide. The journal stimulates and values critical scholarly debate on issues that have strategic relevance for leaders of health care education. The journal publishes the highest quality scholarly contributions reflecting the diversity of people, health and education systems worldwide, by publishing research that employs rigorous methodology as well as by publishing papers that highlight the theoretical underpinnings of education and systems globally. The journal will publish papers that show depth, rigour, originality and high standards of presentation, in particular, work that is original, analytical and constructively critical of both previous work and current initiatives. Authors are invited to submit original research, systematic and scholarly reviews, and critical papers which will stimulate debate on research, policy, theory or philosophy of nursing and related health care education, and which will meet and develop the journal''s high academic and ethical standards.