Dual-crop basis residue-retained bed-planting and zinc fertilization lead to improved food-energy-water-carbon nexus in pearl millet-wheat cropping system in semi-arid agro-ecologies
Amaresh Pradhan , K.S. Rana , Anil K. Choudhary , R.S. Bana , Shobit Thapa , Amit K. Dash , Jyoti P. Singh , Amit Kumar , M.N. Harish , Mohammad Hasanain , Adarsh Kumar
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Amidst the current environmental challenges that exert immense pressure on the arable lands, adopting highly productive, eco-friendly conservation agriculture is crucial to feed the growing population. Low-cost approaches like residue-retention on permanent-beds with AM-fungi (AMF), can boost productivity, carbon-sequestration, and reduce energy and carbon footprints in water-scarce semi-arid areas. Current study quantified the crop and water productivity, energy and monetary budgeting, carbon-footprints, and carbon-sequestration of three planting-methods (PMs) and five Zn-fertilization practices (ZFPs) in pearl millet-wheat cropping system (PWCS). Results showed that BP + R + AMF (Bed-planting + residue-retention + AMF) registered 19.6, 15.4, 15.2, 20.6 and 16.3 % higher system-productivity, energy-output, carbon-output, SOC-stock, and net-returns in PWCS over FB-R (Flat-bed with no-residues), respectively. BP + R + AMF also registered significantly lower water-footprints by 21.2, 18.3 and 19.5 % in pearl millet, wheat, and PWCS over FB-R, respectively. Total CO2-e-emissions were higher (p < 0.05) under PMs, BP + R + AMF (4268.7 kg CO2-e ha−1) over FB-R (2905.5 kg CO2-e ha−1). Among ZFPs, Z4 (Soil + foliar applied Zn) had considerably higher system-productivity (17.7 %), bio-energy output (15.3 %), carbon-output (15.1 %) and net-returns (24.4 %) over no-Zn in PWCS. Overall, planting on permanent-beds with dual crop-basis residue-retention at 2.5 t ha−1 crop−1 coupled with AMF (BP + R + AMF) as well as combined Zn-fertilization may significantly enhance the system-productivity, net-returns, water-productivity, bioenergy-output, carbon-output, and carbon-stock in PWCS compared to FB-R and no-Zn. However, the farmers need to strike a balance while mulching crop-residues besides necessitating planting on raised-beds with AM-fungi and Zn-fertilization for clean, ecologically-friendly, and energy-efficient PWCS to ensure food security and mitigate climate-change in Zn-deficit semi-arid agro-ecologies.
在当前环境挑战对耕地造成巨大压力的情况下，采用高产、环保的保护性农业是养活不断增长的人口的关键。低成本的方法，如用am真菌（AMF）在永久床上保留残留物，可以提高生产力，固碳，并减少缺水半干旱地区的能源和碳足迹。本研究量化了珍珠-小麦种植系统（PWCS）中3种种植方式（pm）和5种施锌方式（ZFPs）的作物和水分生产力、能源和货币预算、碳足迹和碳固存。结果表明，BP + R + AMF（床上种植+残留物保留+ AMF）在PWCS的系统生产力、能量产出、碳产出、soc储量和净收益方面分别比bf -R（无残留物的平床种植）高19.6%、15.4%、15.2%、20.6%和16.3%。与FB-R相比，BP + R + AMF对珍珠粟、小麦和PWCS的水足迹分别降低了21.2%、18.3%和19.5%。总co2 -e排放量较高(p <；0.05), BP + R + AMF （4268.7 kg CO2-e ha - 1）高于FB-R （2905.5 kg CO2-e ha - 1）。Z4（土壤+叶面施锌）的系统生产力（17.7%）、生物能输出（15.3%）、碳输出（15.1%）和净收益（24.4%）显著高于不施锌的PWCS。总体而言，与不施锌和不施锌相比，在永久床上种植2.5 t ha - 1作物- 1作物的双作物残渣保留，加上AMF （BP + R + AMF）和配施锌可以显著提高PWCS的系统生产力、净收益、水分生产力、生物能产出、碳产出和碳储量。然而，在缺锌的半干旱农业生态环境中，农民除了需要在垄作床上种植am真菌和施用锌肥之外，还需要在覆盖作物残茬时取得平衡，以实现清洁、生态友好和节能的PWCS，以确保粮食安全和减缓气候变化。
期刊介绍：
The mission of Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews is to disseminate the most compelling and pertinent critical insights in renewable and sustainable energy, fostering collaboration among the research community, private sector, and policy and decision makers. The journal aims to exchange challenges, solutions, innovative concepts, and technologies, contributing to sustainable development, the transition to a low-carbon future, and the attainment of emissions targets outlined by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews publishes a diverse range of content, including review papers, original research, case studies, and analyses of new technologies, all featuring a substantial review component such as critique, comparison, or analysis. Introducing a distinctive paper type, Expert Insights, the journal presents commissioned mini-reviews authored by field leaders, addressing topics of significant interest. Case studies undergo consideration only if they showcase the work's applicability to other regions or contribute valuable insights to the broader field of renewable and sustainable energy. Notably, a bibliographic or literature review lacking critical analysis is deemed unsuitable for publication.
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