Mesoscale simulation of C–S–H creep and stress relaxation by discrete element modelling

IF 14.2 1区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Composites Part B: Engineering Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-03 DOI:10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112360

Zhe Zhang, Zhongbo Yuan, Guoqing Geng

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Abstract

Creep and stress relaxation are time-dependent phenomena that deteriorate concrete structures, primarily occurring in calcium silicate hydrate, the key binder in Portland cement. Evaluating microstructure development during creep is challenging due to long testing durations. This study employs a novel discrete element method to model creep and stress relaxation in C–S–H, enabling microstructure evolution exploration. The simulation results align well with nanoindentation tests, allowing identification of key factors influencing creep. A microstructure-induced machine learning model is developed to describe the relationship between microstructure and creep deformation to assess the importance of various microstructure indices. This study directly verifies the mechanism by which high pressure accelerates the creep in nanoindentation tests. The influence of microstructure indices on creep is quantitatively analysed, revealing that penetration depth resulting from reduced modulus has the strongest correlation with creep. A detailed analysis of surface forces offers valuable insights for designing experiments and optimizing material properties.

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离散单元模拟C-S-H蠕变和应力松弛的中尺度模拟

蠕变和应力松弛是一种时间依赖性现象，会使混凝土结构恶化，主要发生在水化硅酸钙中，水化硅酸钙是硅酸盐水泥的关键粘结剂。由于测试时间长，评估蠕变过程中的微观结构发展具有挑战性。本研究采用一种新颖的离散元方法来模拟C-S-H的蠕变和应力松弛，从而进行微观结构演化探索。模拟结果与纳米压痕试验结果吻合较好，从而识别出影响蠕变的关键因素。建立了微观组织诱导的机器学习模型来描述微观组织与蠕变之间的关系，以评估各种微观组织指标的重要性。该研究直接验证了高压加速纳米压痕蠕变的机理。定量分析了微观结构指标对蠕变的影响，发现模量降低导致的侵彻深度与蠕变的相关性最强。表面力的详细分析为设计实验和优化材料性能提供了有价值的见解。

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来源期刊

Composites Part B: Engineering 工程技术-材料科学：复合

CiteScore

24.40

自引率

11.50%

发文量

784

审稿时长

21 days

期刊介绍： Composites Part B: Engineering is a journal that publishes impactful research of high quality on composite materials. This research is supported by fundamental mechanics and materials science and engineering approaches. The targeted research can cover a wide range of length scales, ranging from nano to micro and meso, and even to the full product and structure level. The journal specifically focuses on engineering applications that involve high performance composites. These applications can range from low volume and high cost to high volume and low cost composite development. The main goal of the journal is to provide a platform for the prompt publication of original and high quality research. The emphasis is on design, development, modeling, validation, and manufacturing of engineering details and concepts. The journal welcomes both basic research papers and proposals for review articles. Authors are encouraged to address challenges across various application areas. These areas include, but are not limited to, aerospace, automotive, and other surface transportation. The journal also covers energy-related applications, with a focus on renewable energy. Other application areas include infrastructure, off-shore and maritime projects, health care technology, and recreational products.