Pub Date : 2025-02-18DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112250
Brahim Lemkalli , Krzysztof K. Dudek , Muamer Kadic , Qingxiang Ji , Sébastien Guenneau , Abdellah Mir , Younes Achaoui
We investigate a composite elastic meta-slab with exceptional transmission properties, particularly the presence of a W-shaped bandgap. A comprehensive study, utilizing experimental measurements, the finite element method, and an analytical approach, identifies this specific bandgap. The meta-slab design involves cutting an array of composite materials arranged in parallel with strategically placed incisions. This configuration ensures that the materials between the slits act as plate-like waveguides within the surrounding medium. The incorporation of steel into ABS-based Fabry–Perot cavities induces a notable coupling effect between longitudinal waves and localized modes traversing the structure, leading to the formation of two distinct Fabry–Perot resonators. These coupling effects generate a series of resonances and antiresonances, ultimately producing the W-band gap through the interaction of two symmetric Fano resonances.
{"title":"W-shaped broadband attenuation of longitudinal waves through composite elastic metamaterial","authors":"Brahim Lemkalli , Krzysztof K. Dudek , Muamer Kadic , Qingxiang Ji , Sébastien Guenneau , Abdellah Mir , Younes Achaoui","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate a composite elastic meta-slab with exceptional transmission properties, particularly the presence of a W-shaped bandgap. A comprehensive study, utilizing experimental measurements, the finite element method, and an analytical approach, identifies this specific bandgap. The meta-slab design involves cutting an array of composite materials arranged in parallel with strategically placed incisions. This configuration ensures that the materials between the slits act as plate-like waveguides within the surrounding medium. The incorporation of steel into ABS-based Fabry–Perot cavities induces a notable coupling effect between longitudinal waves and localized modes traversing the structure, leading to the formation of two distinct Fabry–Perot resonators. These coupling effects generate a series of resonances and antiresonances, ultimately producing the W-band gap through the interaction of two symmetric Fano resonances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"297 ","pages":"Article 112250"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-17DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112315
Jeongcheol Kim , Sukwon Kang , Il Seong , Jeong Woo Jeon , Donghyen Lee , Jong-Hyun Kim , Dong-Jun Kwon
This study investigates the enhancement of weather resistance in carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) by controlling the polymer matrix, focusing on the effects of acrylic resin. As the application of CFRP expands across various industries, its durability in outdoor environments has become a critical factor for structural materials. The mechanical properties of the polymer matrix were evaluated through tensile and flexural tests, and it was found that acrylic resin exhibited approximately 15 % lower mechanical properties compared to epoxy resin. This difference was observed to result in reduced performance of acrylic-based composite materials under neat conditions. However, after UV exposure, acrylic-based CFRP was shown to resist yellowing and maintain its mechanical properties, whereas epoxy-based CFRP experienced a 16 % decrease. The surface of CFRP was analyzed using FE-SEM, and differences at the interface were identified: fiber exposure and damage were observed in epoxy-based CFRP, while only surface cracks occurred in acrylic-based CFRP. Surface energy analysis was conducted, and it was confirmed that UV degradation increased the dispersive component of epoxy-based CFRP due to exposed carbon fiber (CF). Surface analyses using XPS and FT-IR revealed changes in the chemical composition of the CFRP surfaces, with increased oxidation of epoxy-based CFRP after UV exposure, while the acrylic-based CFRP showed more stable surface chemistry. These findings suggest that acrylic-based CFRP can be utilized in applications requiring improved weather resistance and long-term stability.
{"title":"Advancing CFRP durability: Interfacial and weathering performance of epoxy and acrylic matrices","authors":"Jeongcheol Kim , Sukwon Kang , Il Seong , Jeong Woo Jeon , Donghyen Lee , Jong-Hyun Kim , Dong-Jun Kwon","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the enhancement of weather resistance in carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) by controlling the polymer matrix, focusing on the effects of acrylic resin. As the application of CFRP expands across various industries, its durability in outdoor environments has become a critical factor for structural materials. The mechanical properties of the polymer matrix were evaluated through tensile and flexural tests, and it was found that acrylic resin exhibited approximately 15 % lower mechanical properties compared to epoxy resin. This difference was observed to result in reduced performance of acrylic-based composite materials under neat conditions. However, after UV exposure, acrylic-based CFRP was shown to resist yellowing and maintain its mechanical properties, whereas epoxy-based CFRP experienced a 16 % decrease. The surface of CFRP was analyzed using FE-SEM, and differences at the interface were identified: fiber exposure and damage were observed in epoxy-based CFRP, while only surface cracks occurred in acrylic-based CFRP. Surface energy analysis was conducted, and it was confirmed that UV degradation increased the dispersive component of epoxy-based CFRP due to exposed carbon fiber (CF). Surface analyses using XPS and FT-IR revealed changes in the chemical composition of the CFRP surfaces, with increased oxidation of epoxy-based CFRP after UV exposure, while the acrylic-based CFRP showed more stable surface chemistry. These findings suggest that acrylic-based CFRP can be utilized in applications requiring improved weather resistance and long-term stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"297 ","pages":"Article 112315"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-17DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112299
Dibyajyoti D. Pradhan , A.P. Chakraverty , T. Badapanda , R. Nayak , U.K. Mohanty , M.R. Das
Conventional FRP composite suffers various problems due to improper curing, interfacial residual stress and environmental degradation. Such problems can be compensated by adopting partial use of carbon fibre in glass fibre based FRP composite and exposing such composite to energetic radiation for post-curing strengthening. Keeping this in mind, FRP composite samples with alternative glass and carbon fibre layers were irradiated through glow discharge plasma up to 35 min with air and argon maintained with 10–50 Watt power. About 113 % and 135 % increase in inter laminar and flexural strengths, respectively, were found with respect to argon plasma ageing for 30 min at 50 Watt power. At this power, about 14.7 % and 35 % increase in Tg was observed for the modified FRP with 15 min of air plasma and 30 min of argon plasma exposure, respectively. Maximum thermal activation energy was obtained through argon plasma irradiation. FTIR test revealed additional peaks at 1721 cm−1 and 3060 cm−1 for maximum power of argon-plasma treated FRP sample. Air and argon plasma at their optimized power and duration resulted increase in wettability with improved surface roughness. The failure modes of SEM fractographs indicated improved thermo-mechanical properties in plasma cured modified FRP.
{"title":"Property enhancement of alternating glass/carbon fibre laminated FRP composite by glow discharge post-plasma irradiation","authors":"Dibyajyoti D. Pradhan , A.P. Chakraverty , T. Badapanda , R. Nayak , U.K. Mohanty , M.R. Das","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional FRP composite suffers various problems due to improper curing, interfacial residual stress and environmental degradation. Such problems can be compensated by adopting partial use of carbon fibre in glass fibre based FRP composite and exposing such composite to energetic radiation for post-curing strengthening. Keeping this in mind, FRP composite samples with alternative glass and carbon fibre layers were irradiated through glow discharge plasma up to 35 min with air and argon maintained with 10–50 Watt power. About 113 % and 135 % increase in inter laminar and flexural strengths, respectively, were found with respect to argon plasma ageing for 30 min at 50 Watt power. At this power, about 14.7 % and 35 % increase in T<sub>g</sub> was observed for the modified FRP with 15 min of air plasma and 30 min of argon plasma exposure, respectively. Maximum thermal activation energy was obtained through argon plasma irradiation. FTIR test revealed additional peaks at 1721 cm<sup>−1</sup> and 3060 cm<sup>−1</sup> for maximum power of argon-plasma treated FRP sample. Air and argon plasma at their optimized power and duration resulted increase in wettability with improved surface roughness. The failure modes of SEM fractographs indicated improved thermo-mechanical properties in plasma cured modified FRP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"297 ","pages":"Article 112299"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conventional adhesives employed in woody composites production have drawbacks such as formaldehyde-releasing or high price, with complex production processes. In this study, we developed an in-situ surface liquefaction strategy, liquefaction and re-condensation of bamboo are directly transferred to the bonding interface. the glycerol and NaOH aqueous solution were directly coated on the bamboo surface, followed by a conventional hot-pressing process, bamboo trips were tightly bonded with a maximum bonding strength of 10.61 MPa, and the performance rivals that of phenolic resin. The bonding mechanism results revealed that glycerol initiates the ether bond cleavage of lignin on the bamboo surface and makes it from solid to flowing deformation, penetrating and filling the porous structure of the bamboo. Subsequently, the lignin condensation by the C–C bond and solidifies in these pores creating a robust cross-linked interlocking. Due to the absence of formaldehyde introduction and the elimination of the complex adhesive synthesis process, we have successfully achieved an environmentally friendly, straightforward, cost-effective, and high-performance bamboo gluing solution, making this strategy great potential for industrial production.
{"title":"In-situ surface liquefaction strategy for bamboo bonding with high-performance","authors":"Lin chen , Linmin Xia , Qi Chen , Menghong Jiang , Jing Yuan , Jiulong Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional adhesives employed in woody composites production have drawbacks such as formaldehyde-releasing or high price, with complex production processes. In this study, we developed an in-situ surface liquefaction strategy, liquefaction and re-condensation of bamboo are directly transferred to the bonding interface. the glycerol and NaOH aqueous solution were directly coated on the bamboo surface, followed by a conventional hot-pressing process, bamboo trips were tightly bonded with a maximum bonding strength of 10.61 MPa, and the performance rivals that of phenolic resin. The bonding mechanism results revealed that glycerol initiates the ether bond cleavage of lignin on the bamboo surface and makes it from solid to flowing deformation, penetrating and filling the porous structure of the bamboo. Subsequently, the lignin condensation by the C–C bond and solidifies in these pores creating a robust cross-linked interlocking. Due to the absence of formaldehyde introduction and the elimination of the complex adhesive synthesis process, we have successfully achieved an environmentally friendly, straightforward, cost-effective, and high-performance bamboo gluing solution, making this strategy great potential for industrial production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"297 ","pages":"Article 112288"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-17DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112312
Jingru Ai, Ming Xing, Haibin Wang, Zhi Zhao, Hao Lu, Xuemei Liu, Xiaoyan Song
This work presents specific one-step additive manufacturing of crack-free WC-12Co cemented carbides by the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technology using the mixed ultra-coarse WC and agglomerated Co powder as feedstock. The critical role of the agglomerated Co in elimination of cracks, pores and carbon-deficient phases during the LPBF fabrication and subsequent heat-treatment process was disclosed. Moreover, the agglomerated Co led to the formation of lath-shaped WC grains containing numerous Co-rich particles with sizes ranging from a few nanometers to approximately 300 nm. These in-grain Co-rich particles could accommodate plastic deformation and hinder dislocation motion within lath-shaped WC grains, but did not cause local stress concentration, thereby contributing to enhance both the toughness and strength of the resulting cemented carbides. The proposed novel strategy of tuning the distribution state of metallic phase within the feedstock holds significant potential for applications in the direct additive manufacturing of high-performance cermet materials.
{"title":"Tuning Co distribution in powder feedstock for laser powder bed fusion of crack-free WC-Co cemented carbides","authors":"Jingru Ai, Ming Xing, Haibin Wang, Zhi Zhao, Hao Lu, Xuemei Liu, Xiaoyan Song","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents specific one-step additive manufacturing of crack-free WC-12Co cemented carbides by the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technology using the mixed ultra-coarse WC and agglomerated Co powder as feedstock. The critical role of the agglomerated Co in elimination of cracks, pores and carbon-deficient phases during the LPBF fabrication and subsequent heat-treatment process was disclosed. Moreover, the agglomerated Co led to the formation of lath-shaped WC grains containing numerous Co-rich particles with sizes ranging from a few nanometers to approximately 300 nm. These in-grain Co-rich particles could accommodate plastic deformation and hinder dislocation motion within lath-shaped WC grains, but did not cause local stress concentration, thereby contributing to enhance both the toughness and strength of the resulting cemented carbides. The proposed novel strategy of tuning the distribution state of metallic phase within the feedstock holds significant potential for applications in the direct additive manufacturing of high-performance cermet materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"297 ","pages":"Article 112312"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-15DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112280
Menglong Shao , Lik-ho Tam , Chao Wu
Creep behavior in polymers has posed a significant challenge across various industries, yet no theoretical model exists to fully describe their complete three-stage creep process. This paper, for the first time, develops a universal model capable of describing three stages of polymer creep. The model's development is made possible considering void nucleation and evolution during polymer creep, supported by molecular-scale modelling and observations. It provides a precise definition of the start and end times for each creep stage, a milestone not previously achieved. Validation of the model was conducted through creep tests on epoxy resin under different stress levels and temperatures, supplemented by comparisons with experimental data from the literature. The findings show that creep properties, such as creep failure time and minimum creep rate, exhibit an exponential relationship with stress. The model identifies the maximum creep damage (measured by the area fraction of the void in a cross section) for epoxy as 0.15, independent of temperature, with ∼90 % of damage occurring in the tertiary stage. Additionally, the ASTM D 2990 formula tends to overestimate creep failure time, with greater overestimations at lower stress levels—approximately 10 % for a 10-year failure time. This model represents a major advancement, offering the ability to predict the complete three-stage creep failure of any polymer under varying stress and temperature conditions. It provides a critical tool for engineers to reliably predict polymer creep behavior and prevent failure, addressing a long-standing challenge in polymer research and applications.
{"title":"A universal creep model for polymers considering void evolution","authors":"Menglong Shao , Lik-ho Tam , Chao Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Creep behavior in polymers has posed a significant challenge across various industries, yet no theoretical model exists to fully describe their complete three-stage creep process. This paper, for the first time, develops a universal model capable of describing three stages of polymer creep. The model's development is made possible considering void nucleation and evolution during polymer creep, supported by molecular-scale modelling and observations. It provides a precise definition of the start and end times for each creep stage, a milestone not previously achieved. Validation of the model was conducted through creep tests on epoxy resin under different stress levels and temperatures, supplemented by comparisons with experimental data from the literature. The findings show that creep properties, such as creep failure time and minimum creep rate, exhibit an exponential relationship with stress. The model identifies the maximum creep damage (measured by the area fraction of the void in a cross section) for epoxy as 0.15, independent of temperature, with ∼90 % of damage occurring in the tertiary stage. Additionally, the ASTM D 2990 formula tends to overestimate creep failure time, with greater overestimations at lower stress levels—approximately 10 % for a 10-year failure time. This model represents a major advancement, offering the ability to predict the complete three-stage creep failure of any polymer under varying stress and temperature conditions. It provides a critical tool for engineers to reliably predict polymer creep behavior and prevent failure, addressing a long-standing challenge in polymer research and applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"297 ","pages":"Article 112280"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112267
Chen Wu , Mengyao Xia , Weikun Jiang , Hui Liu , Shiwei Liu , Gaojin Lyu , Shubin Wu , Yonghao Ni , Yu Liu
The noble metal-loaded hollow nanostructures, serving as a representative cell biomimetic structural material, demonstrate competitive potentials in catalysis field due to their tailorable microenvironment effects and high catalytic efficiency. Herein, we successfully synthesized a novel Ag nanoparticle (Ag NPs)-loaded hollow resin nanoreactor with unique nanostructures, referred to as Ag@TA-HAFR/Ag, through a simple ethanol chemical scissoring process in conjunction with tannin (TA) coating technology. This strategy allowed the Ag NPs to simultaneously self-embed into the inner shell and outer surfaces of the hollow resin supports due to the presence of catechol-quinone redox self-catalysis reaction system, achieving small size (9.5 nm) and high loading amount (59.4 wt%) of Ag NPs. Notably, the resulting nanoreactor exhibited remarkable catalytic efficiency and universality; for example in hydrogenating methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) models, reaction rate constants (k) of up to 1.82 and 2.48 min−1, respectively, were obtained, representing a fourfold and twofold increase compared to the control. The theoretical calculations demonstrate that the prepared nanoreactor possess a strong H2 adsorption capacity that facilitates the void-confinement effect via providing an optimal microenvironment for catalytic hydrogenation. Furthermore, the TA coating layer and the shell encapsulation impart the Ag@TA-HAFR/Ag nanoreactor with a robust metal-support interaction and void limitation, dramatically enhancing their stability and recyclability. The present study offers a novel strategy for synthesizing advanced noble metal-loaded nanostructures, representing a significant advancement in the field of catalysis.
{"title":"Hollow-structured resin nanoreactor with high-loading of Ag nanoparticles and void-confinement effect for efficient catalytic hydrogenation","authors":"Chen Wu , Mengyao Xia , Weikun Jiang , Hui Liu , Shiwei Liu , Gaojin Lyu , Shubin Wu , Yonghao Ni , Yu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The noble metal-loaded hollow nanostructures, serving as a representative cell biomimetic structural material, demonstrate competitive potentials in catalysis field due to their tailorable microenvironment effects and high catalytic efficiency. Herein, we successfully synthesized a novel Ag nanoparticle (Ag NPs)-loaded hollow resin nanoreactor with unique nanostructures, referred to as Ag@TA-HAFR/Ag, through a simple ethanol chemical scissoring process in conjunction with tannin (TA) coating technology. This strategy allowed the Ag NPs to simultaneously self-embed into the inner shell and outer surfaces of the hollow resin supports due to the presence of catechol-quinone redox self-catalysis reaction system, achieving small size (9.5 nm) and high loading amount (59.4 wt%) of Ag NPs. Notably, the resulting nanoreactor exhibited remarkable catalytic efficiency and universality; for example in hydrogenating methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) models, reaction rate constants (<em>k</em>) of up to 1.82 and 2.48 min<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, were obtained, representing a fourfold and twofold increase compared to the control. The theoretical calculations demonstrate that the prepared nanoreactor possess a strong H<sub>2</sub> adsorption capacity that facilitates the void-confinement effect via providing an optimal microenvironment for catalytic hydrogenation. Furthermore, the TA coating layer and the shell encapsulation impart the Ag@TA-HAFR/Ag nanoreactor with a robust metal-support interaction and void limitation, dramatically enhancing their stability and recyclability. The present study offers a novel strategy for synthesizing advanced noble metal-loaded nanostructures, representing a significant advancement in the field of catalysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 112267"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112257
Anh Hoang , Matthew Grasinger , Easir Arafat Papon , Amanda Koh
Unique among traditional fillers, the metallically conductive liquid metal galinstan has emerged as an inherently deformable alternative for polymer composites. Galinstan exhibits high electrical conductivity with liquid-like flow, which sets it apart from the solid metals and ceramics typically used to impart electrical behavior to polymers. Upon exposure to atmospheric oxygen, galinstan forms a solid oxide shell that adds mechanical complexity when blended with polymers to create liquid metal polymer composites (LMPCs). This study investigates the mechanical behavior of LMPCs under tension, compression, and torsion as a function of LM droplet size and loading. Experimental analysis and computational modeling reveal distinct behaviors in LMPCs depending on the applied force and droplet characteristics that do not follow the classic composite models like Eshelby theory or more recent, updated versions thereof. Despite the large modulus difference between the LM and oxide shell, focusing exclusively on individual droplet mechanics overlooks the importance of surface energy dynamics within the system. By incorporating interfacial energy into a novel model, the origins of the LMPC mechanical response under deformation were illustrated. Our findings contribute to a broader understanding of composite materials with implications for soft robotics, where material response to various deformations is crucial for functionality.
{"title":"Exploring the complex deformation behavior of liquid metal polymer composites through experimental and novel computational approaches","authors":"Anh Hoang , Matthew Grasinger , Easir Arafat Papon , Amanda Koh","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unique among traditional fillers, the metallically conductive liquid metal galinstan has emerged as an inherently deformable alternative for polymer composites. Galinstan exhibits high electrical conductivity with liquid-like flow, which sets it apart from the solid metals and ceramics typically used to impart electrical behavior to polymers. Upon exposure to atmospheric oxygen, galinstan forms a solid oxide shell that adds mechanical complexity when blended with polymers to create liquid metal polymer composites (LMPCs). This study investigates the mechanical behavior of LMPCs under tension, compression, and torsion as a function of LM droplet size and loading. Experimental analysis and computational modeling reveal distinct behaviors in LMPCs depending on the applied force and droplet characteristics that do not follow the classic composite models like Eshelby theory or more recent, updated versions thereof. Despite the large modulus difference between the LM and oxide shell, focusing exclusively on individual droplet mechanics overlooks the importance of surface energy dynamics within the system. By incorporating interfacial energy into a novel model, the origins of the LMPC mechanical response under deformation were illustrated. Our findings contribute to a broader understanding of composite materials with implications for soft robotics, where material response to various deformations is crucial for functionality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 112257"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112245
Xiao Zhang, Jianwei Wang, Linghui He, Yong Ni
The widespread applications of transparent glass in daily life necessitate diverse requirements for the comprehensive impact performance, including energy dissipation, stiffness and cushioning. However, current single architectured design strategies for glass can only realize improvement of partial mechanical properties, and existing designs hardly satisfy the varied demands of multiple applications. Here, inspired by hybrid design strategies of natural biomaterials, we propose a novel hybrid architectured glass that combines laminated structure and nacre-like structure. The hybrid architectured glass exhibits optical transmittance and achieves the improvement of comprehensive impact performance. By arranging the laminated structure on the impact surface and the nacre-like structure on the backside, the hybrid architectured glass panel enables delocalized shearing deformation of the soft interlayer along with brittle fracture of the hard glass layer, resulting in high energy dissipation. Adjusting the proportion of constituent structures can further control the relative energy dissipation contribution of soft phase and hard phase, modulating stiffness and cushioning performance. The hybrid architectured glass with the 2L3N design demonstrates optimal impact performance, achieving a better balance between stiffness and cushioning, and significantly enhancing energy dissipation compared to single architectured glass. These hybrid architectured glasses provide opportunities for their daily applications in a wide range.
{"title":"Bioinspired hybrid design of transparent architectured glass for improved comprehensive impact performance","authors":"Xiao Zhang, Jianwei Wang, Linghui He, Yong Ni","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread applications of transparent glass in daily life necessitate diverse requirements for the comprehensive impact performance, including energy dissipation, stiffness and cushioning. However, current single architectured design strategies for glass can only realize improvement of partial mechanical properties, and existing designs hardly satisfy the varied demands of multiple applications. Here, inspired by hybrid design strategies of natural biomaterials, we propose a novel hybrid architectured glass that combines laminated structure and nacre-like structure. The hybrid architectured glass exhibits optical transmittance and achieves the improvement of comprehensive impact performance. By arranging the laminated structure on the impact surface and the nacre-like structure on the backside, the hybrid architectured glass panel enables delocalized shearing deformation of the soft interlayer along with brittle fracture of the hard glass layer, resulting in high energy dissipation. Adjusting the proportion of constituent structures can further control the relative energy dissipation contribution of soft phase and hard phase, modulating stiffness and cushioning performance. The hybrid architectured glass with the 2L3N design demonstrates optimal impact performance, achieving a better balance between stiffness and cushioning, and significantly enhancing energy dissipation compared to single architectured glass. These hybrid architectured glasses provide opportunities for their daily applications in a wide range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"297 ","pages":"Article 112245"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112224
Sreedhar Unnikrishnakurup , Renil Thomas Kidangan , C.V. Krishnamurthy , Krishnan Balasubramaniam , Andrew Ngo
The mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are critically influenced by th e fiber orientation and stacking sequence of individual layers. Any misalignment in the global ply orientation can lead to significant performance degradation and potential operational failure. This paper introduces an advanced method for identifying fiber orientation and its order in CFRP structures using Radon transform analysis of infrared thermal patterns generated through induction heating with a circular coil in transmission mode. The fiber orientation within the composite layers directs the flow of induced current, thereby affecting the resulting heating patterns. Radon transform allows to extract the hidden spatial characteristics of the heating patterns and thus the fiber orientations. The proposed method has been demonstrated on CFRP samples up to six layers. The results indicate a precision of the order of , indicating the Radon transform method’s high accuracy in estimating fiber orientation in CFRP composite structures. This approach not only provides a reliable means to assess the internal fiber orientation, but also effectively identifies the sequence in which the orientation appear, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the laminate structure. The ability to detect fabrication inconsistencies, such as fiber waviness, further highlights the robustness of this technique.
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