Effect of Various Nanofillers on Piezoelectric Nanogenerator Performance of P(VDF-TrFE) Nanocomposite Thin Film.

IF 4.4 3区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Nanomaterials Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI:10.3390/nano15050403

Sangkwon Park, Hafiz Muhammad Abid Yaseen

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Abstract

Flexible polymer-based piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) have gained significant interest due to their ability to deliver clean and sustainable energy for self-powered electronics and wearable devices. Recently, the incorporation of fillers into the ferroelectric polymer matrix has been used to improve the relatively low piezoelectric properties of polymer-based PENGs. In this study, we investigated the effect of various nanofillers such as titania (TiO₂), zinc oxide (ZnO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and lead zirconate titanate (PZT) on the PENG performance of the nanocomposite thin films containing the nanofillers in poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoro ethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) matrix. The nanocomposite films were prepared by depositing molecularly thin films of P(VDF-TrFE) and nanofiller nanoparticles (NPs) spread at the air/water interface onto the indium tin oxide-coated polyethylene terephthalate (ITO-PET) substrate, and they were characterized by measuring their microstructures, crystallinity, β-phase contents, and piezoelectric coefficients (d₃₃) using SEM, FT-IR, XRD, and quasi-static meter, respectively. Multiple PENGs incorporating various nanofillers within the polymer matrix were developed by assembling thin film-coated substrates into a sandwich-like structure. Their piezoelectric properties, such as open-circuit output voltage (V_OC) and short-circuit current (I_SC), were analyzed. As a result, the PENG containing 4 wt% PZT, which was named P-PZT-4, showed the best performance of V_OC of 68.5 V with the d₃₃ value of 78.2 pC/N and β-phase content of 97%. The order of the maximum V_OC values for the PENGs of nanocomposite thin films containing various nanofillers was PZT (68.5 V) > rGO (64.0 V) > ZnO (50.9 V) > TiO₂ (48.1 V). When the best optimum PENG was integrated into a simple circuit comprising rectifiers and a capacitor, it demonstrated an excellent two-dimensional power density of 20.6 μW/cm² and an energy storage capacity of 531.4 μJ within 3 min. This piezoelectric performance of PENG with the optimized nanofiller type and content was found to be superior when it was compared with those in the literature. This PENG comprising nanocomposite thin film with optimized nanofiller type and content shows a potential application for a power source for low-powered electronics such as wearable devices.

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柔性聚合物基压电纳米发电机（PENGs）能够为自供电电子设备和可穿戴设备提供清洁、可持续的能源，因而备受关注。最近，在铁电聚合物基体中加入填料被用来改善聚合物基压电纳米发电机相对较低的压电特性。在本研究中，我们研究了各种纳米填料（如二氧化钛 (TiO2)、氧化锌 (ZnO)、还原氧化石墨烯 (rGO) 和锆钛酸铅 (PZT)）对聚（偏氟乙烯-共三氟乙烯）（P(VDF-TrFE)）基质中含有纳米填料的纳米复合薄膜的压电性能的影响。纳米复合薄膜的制备方法是在涂有氧化铟锡的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（ITO-PET）基底上沉积在空气/水界面上的 P（VDF-TrFE）分子薄膜和纳米填料纳米颗粒（NPs），并分别使用扫描电镜、傅立叶变换红外光谱、X 射线衍射和准静态仪测量其微观结构、结晶度、β 相含量和压电系数（d33）。通过将薄膜涂层基底组装成三明治状结构，开发出了在聚合物基体中加入各种纳米填料的多种 PENG。分析了它们的压电特性，如开路输出电压（VOC）和短路电流（ISC）。结果表明，含有 4 wt% PZT 的 PENG（命名为 P-PZT-4）性能最佳，其 VOC 值为 68.5 V，d33 值为 78.2 pC/N，β 相含量为 97%。含有各种纳米填料的纳米复合薄膜的 PENG 的最大 VOC 值顺序为 PZT（68.5 V）> rGO（64.0 V）> ZnO（50.9 V）> TiO2（48.1 V）。当最佳的 PENG 被集成到一个由整流器和电容器组成的简单电路中时，它在 3 分钟内表现出了 20.6 μW/cm2 的出色二维功率密度和 531.4 μJ 的储能能力。经优化的纳米填料类型和含量的 PENG 的压电性能与文献中的 PENG 相比更为优异。这种由纳米复合薄膜组成的 PENG 具有优化的纳米填料类型和含量，显示了其在可穿戴设备等低功率电子设备电源方面的潜在应用。

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来源期刊

Nanomaterials NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY-MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

CiteScore

8.50

自引率

9.40%

发文量

3841

审稿时长

14.22 days

期刊介绍： Nanomaterials (ISSN 2076-4991) is an international and interdisciplinary scholarly open access journal. It publishes reviews, regular research papers, communications, and short notes that are relevant to any field of study that involves nanomaterials, with respect to their science and application. Thus, theoretical and experimental articles will be accepted, along with articles that deal with the synthesis and use of nanomaterials. Articles that synthesize information from multiple fields, and which place discoveries within a broader context, will be preferred. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical research in as much detail as possible. Full experimental or methodical details, or both, must be provided for research articles. Computed data or files regarding the full details of the experimental procedure, if unable to be published in a normal way, can be deposited as supplementary material. Nanomaterials is dedicated to a high scientific standard. All manuscripts undergo a rigorous reviewing process and decisions are based on the recommendations of independent reviewers.