Transcriptomic and primary metabolic profiles reveal the mechanism of development and maturation of fuji apple grafted onto different dwarfed intermediate rootstocks

IF 3.9 2区 农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE Scientia Horticulturae Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114060
Ruihan Liu , Jingwen Jia , Caiwen Wang , Quanpu Wu , Le Du , Wenqiang Li , Weiwei Yang , Juanjuan Ma , Dong Zhang , Libo Xing , Na An
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Abstract

Fruit development and ripening are complex processes involving various physiological and biochemical changes. Apple rootstocks significantly regulate fruit ripening, quality, and nutrient accumulation. To study the impact of SXND6 and M26 rootstocks on fruit development and maturation, we investigated fruit traits including single fruit weight, shape index, firmness, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, starch content, index of absorbance difference (IAD), endogenous hormone levels, as well as the transcriptome and metabolic profiles. At the transcript level, 9219 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in apple fruits grafted on SXND6 and M26 rootstocks at 135, 150, and 165 DAFB. Additionally, 116 differentially expressed primary metabolites were identified between the two rootstocks at 165 DAFB. An integrative analysis of the transcriptome and primary metabolic expression patterns revealed some key pathways and DEGs involved in early maturity and better quality mediated by various dwarf intermediate rootstocks. This primarily included starch and sucrose metabolism (SS, AMY, BAM, SORD, PFK, SPS, and SUS) and plant hormone signal transduction pathways, especially abscisic acid (NACED, PP2C, SnRK, and ABF) and ethylene (ACS, ACO, ETR, and ERF). Moreover, we employed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to investigate the co-expression patterns of genes encoding transcription factors linked with sugar, organic acid, starch, and IAD. AGL9, bZIP6, and ERF5 were identified as key hub genes within the MEturquoise module, as well as NAC, MADS, MYB, and C2C2 genes, which positively regulated sugars metabolism and fruit ripening. In contrast, WRKY17 and NAC18 were found in MEbrown module, as well as MYB related genes and MADS family genes, which were negatively correlated with sugar and fruit maturity. These findings provide new insights into the regulatory mechanisms by which rootstocks enhance fruit quality and promote fruit ripening. This knowledge contributes to improved rootstock selection for apple cultivation and management, while also facilitating the development of early-ripening apple varieties with high economic value in the future.
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来源期刊
Scientia Horticulturae
Scientia Horticulturae 农林科学-园艺
CiteScore
8.60
自引率
4.70%
发文量
796
审稿时长
47 days
期刊介绍: Scientia Horticulturae is an international journal publishing research related to horticultural crops. Articles in the journal deal with open or protected production of vegetables, fruits, edible fungi and ornamentals under temperate, subtropical and tropical conditions. Papers in related areas (biochemistry, micropropagation, soil science, plant breeding, plant physiology, phytopathology, etc.) are considered, if they contain information of direct significance to horticulture. Papers on the technical aspects of horticulture (engineering, crop processing, storage, transport etc.) are accepted for publication only if they relate directly to the living product. In the case of plantation crops, those yielding a product that may be used fresh (e.g. tropical vegetables, citrus, bananas, and other fruits) will be considered, while those papers describing the processing of the product (e.g. rubber, tobacco, and quinine) will not. The scope of the journal includes all horticultural crops but does not include speciality crops such as, medicinal crops or forestry crops, such as bamboo. Basic molecular studies without any direct application in horticulture will not be considered for this journal.
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