Unveiling the multifaceted potential of Amaranthus viridis L.: A review of its phytochemistry, pharmacology, and industrial applications

Abstract

Background

Amaranthus viridis L. (AV), a multifunctional superfood with medicinal and dietary uses, has the potential to provide a sustainable solution to global health challenges such as malnutrition, non-communicable diseases, and intractable conditions. Recently, scientific research into the nutritional and therapeutic properties of AV has garnered growing attention.

Scope and approach

Our review uniquely repositions AV as both a novel food material and a pharmaceutical candidate, offering a comprehensive exploration of its traditional uses, chemical composition, pharmacological activities, safety evaluation, and industrial applications, covering a period of over 90 years.

Key findings and conclusions

Traditionally, AV has been employed to treat inflammation, infections, cancer, metabolic disorders, and parasitic diseases. It boasts a rich nutritional profile, comprising proteins, amino acids, dietary fiber, minerals, and vitamins, further enriched by bioactive compounds such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and saponins. These compounds demonstrate a wide range of pharmacological properties, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects, among others. Furthermore, AV holds significant potential for applications in functional foods, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture. Despite its extensive use, a comprehensive review integrating its traditional knowledge, bioactive potential, toxicological assessment, and industrial applications remains lacking. This work bridges this gap by providing a holistic overview of AV's diverse applications and benefits, offering valuable insights for its future development and utilization in various industries.