Experimental study on ignition and flame propagation of hydrogen/carbon black hybrid mixtures in a vertical tube

IF 3.6 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI:10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105633
Peng Zhao , Dejian Wu , Arne Krietsch , Dieter Gabel , Ulrich Krause
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Abstract

Under incomplete oxidation or carbonaceous nanoparticle formation, hybrid mixture of nano-size carbon powders and combustible gases may arise. These mixtures display specific explosive behaviours. Therefore, it is vital to get insight into the explosion characteristics of these hybrid mixtures before the completion of risk assessments. In this work, the ignition behaviour and flame characteristics of hydrogen and carbon black dust hybrid mixtures were experimentally investigated in a transparent vertical tube with a diameter of 60 mm and a length of 1 m. Clear and intuitive flame images of the hybrid mixture, initiated by a 10-J electrical spark ignition source, were obtained by using a high speed-infrared camera. The results showed that the hydrogen was involved in the combustion reaction in the initial stage of ignition, even with 1 vol H2. However, the flame propagation of hybrid mixture with 1 vol H2 could not be able to self-sustained due to the trace amount of fuel. Moreover, the addition of carbon black dust did not significantly influence the lower flammable limit of the hybrid mixture. Under the condition of low carbon black concentration (50 g/m3), increasing H2 concentration to 7 vol changed the flame structure from a coupled flame front to two separated flame fronts. Furthermore, with increasing carbon black dust concentration, the combustion transitioned from “gas driven” to “dual-driven” under the condition of low hydrogen concentration (less than 7 vol). In contrast to hydrogen, the increase in carbon black concentration had little effect on the flame propagation speed, indicating that the thermodynamics of the hybrid mixtures was mainly controlled by the combustion of H2. These results improve our understanding of the ignition behaviour and flame propagation characteristics of hybrid mixtures containing hydrogen.
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在不完全氧化或碳质纳米粒子形成的情况下,可能会产生纳米级碳粉和可燃气体的混合混合物。这些混合物具有特殊的爆炸特性。因此,在完成风险评估之前,深入了解这些混合混合物的爆炸特性至关重要。这项工作在直径为 60 毫米、长度为 1 米的透明垂直管中对氢气和炭黑粉尘混合混合物的点火行为和火焰特性进行了实验研究。结果表明,在点火初期,即使有 1 Vol H2,氢气也参与了燃烧反应。然而,由于燃料的微量存在,含有 1 Vol H2 的混合混合物的火焰传播无法自持。此外,炭黑粉尘的添加对混合混合物的可燃下限没有明显影响。在碳黑浓度较低(50 克/立方米)的条件下,将 H2 浓度增加到 7 毫升会使火焰结构从一个耦合的火焰前沿变为两个分离的火焰前沿。此外,随着炭黑粉尘浓度的增加,在氢气浓度较低(小于 7 Vol)的条件下,燃烧从 "气体驱动 "过渡到 "双驱动"。与氢气相比,炭黑浓度的增加对火焰传播速度的影响很小,这表明混合混合物的热力学主要由 H2 的燃烧控制。这些结果加深了我们对含氢混合混合物的点火行为和火焰传播特性的理解。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.20
自引率
14.30%
发文量
226
审稿时长
52 days
期刊介绍: The broad scope of the journal is process safety. Process safety is defined as the prevention and mitigation of process-related injuries and damage arising from process incidents involving fire, explosion and toxic release. Such undesired events occur in the process industries during the use, storage, manufacture, handling, and transportation of highly hazardous chemicals.
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