Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries最新文献

Flash point prediction of ternary miscible organic mixtures using random forest regression 用随机森林回归预测三元混相有机混合物闪点

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2026.105927

Shuangyu Song , Xiaoya Song

Measuring the flash points (FP) of multicomponent organic mixtures, which are widely used in the chemical industry, is a time-consuming and laborious process. Although numerous FP prediction models have been proposed, most of them focus on predicting the FP of pure components and binary mixtures, and few studies have addressed ternary or higher component mixtures. In this study, we measured the FPs of 341 compositions from six ternary aqueous–organic mixtures and developed a FP prediction model based on the quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) principle using the obtained data. Molecular descriptors for each component were generated using Dragon software, and the mixture descriptors were computed based on logarithmic mixing rules. During the model construction process, a multistage approach utilizing random forest regression (RFR) was employed to develop a highly precise model for predicting the FP values of ternary miscible organic mixtures. The results demonstrate that our proposed model is robust and predictive, achieving coefficient of determination (

R^{2}

), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values of 0.9641, 3.4086, 2.1961, and 0.6955%, respectively, on the test set. Furthermore, we compared our proposed model with other existing ternary mixture FP prediction methods from the literature to confirm its superiority. The results obtained her ein can be applied to assessments of fire and explosion hazards in the chemical industry and engineering.

多组分有机混合物的闪点（FP）测量是一项费时费力的工作，广泛应用于化工行业。虽然已经提出了许多FP预测模型，但大多数都集中在预测纯组分和二元混合物的FP，而很少有研究针对三元或更高组分的混合物。本研究测量了6种三元水-有机混合物中341种组分的FPs，并利用所得数据建立了基于定量构效关系（QSPR）原理的FP预测模型。利用Dragon软件生成各组分的分子描述符，并根据对数混合规则计算混合描述符。在模型构建过程中，采用随机森林回归（RFR）的多阶段方法建立了预测三元可混相有机混合物FP值的高精度模型。结果表明，该模型具有较强的稳健性和预测性，在测试集上的决定系数（R2）、均方根误差（RMSE）、平均绝对误差（MAE）和平均绝对百分比误差（MAPE）分别为0.9641、3.4086、2.1961和0.6955%。此外，我们将所提出的模型与文献中其他三元混合FP预测方法进行了比较，以证实其优越性。所得结果可应用于化学工业和工程中火灾和爆炸危险性的评价。

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引用次数: 0

Tsunami fragility for anchored floating-roof atmospheric tanks 锚定浮顶大气储罐的海啸脆弱性

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries

Pub Date : 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2026.105928

Antonio Vitale , Georgios Baltzopoulos , Iunio Iervolino

One of the issues for quantitative risk assessment in the process industry, is incorporating so-called NaTech risk, that is considering the potential consequences of natural hazards, whose impact on facilities can cause accidents such as explosions, fires, or toxic substance release. In this context, this paper explores the behaviour of anchored atmospheric storage tanks under tsunami, with the goal of quantifying their vulnerability via parametric fragility functions. Three archetype tanks with different aspect ratios were considered, while tsunami vulnerability was evaluated for different filling levels. The effects of tsunami-induced pressure on the tanks were calculated numerically following an equivalent-static approach, based on nonlinear analyses of finite element models. Each tank was subjected to various combinations of tsunami inundation levels and increasing flow velocities, obtaining structural response of each tank's steel shell and anchorage system. Parametric tsunami fragility curves were obtained, also with the aid of a site-specific conditional tsunami hazard model, surrogating vector-valued hazard analysis. It was found that the predominant failure mode depends on the aspect ratio and filling level, with emptier tanks being more vulnerable overall. The fragilities were then used to quantify the risk associated with loss of content due to structural failure, and the results were also compared those from existing models.

过程工业中定量风险评估的问题之一是纳入所谓的NaTech风险，即考虑自然灾害的潜在后果，其对设施的影响可能导致爆炸、火灾或有毒物质释放等事故。在此背景下，本文探讨了锚定大气储罐在海啸下的行为，目的是通过参数脆弱性函数量化其脆弱性。考虑了三种不同宽高比的原型水箱，并对不同填充水平的海啸脆弱性进行了评估。在有限元模型非线性分析的基础上，采用等效静力法对海啸压力对储罐的影响进行了数值计算。每个储罐都受到海啸淹没程度和流速增加的各种组合，得到了每个储罐钢壳和锚固系统的结构响应。利用特定地点的条件海啸灾害模型，获得了参数化海啸易损性曲线，代表了向量值灾害分析。研究发现，主要的破坏模式取决于长径比和填充水平，空罐总体上更脆弱。然后，脆弱性被用来量化由于结构失效而导致的内容损失的风险，并且结果也与现有模型的结果进行了比较。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamic risk analysis for emergency repair of sudden natural gas pipeline leakages 天然气管道突发性泄漏应急修复的动态风险分析

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2026.105931

Lei Zhao , Tengda Ge , Qing Zhu , Long Zhao , Zhixiang Xing , Yifei Yan , Weimin Han , Gang Qi

Natural gas pipeline leakages pose significant risks of fire and explosion accidents, often resulting in severe consequences. Developing and applying risk analysis techniques for emergency repairs can effectively mitigate such incidents and minimize losses. However, existing risk analysis models are predominantly static and qualitative, failing to account for the multiple states and dependencies of input events, which increases model uncertainty. Moreover, the probabilities of risk factors are often limited, missing, or unknown, leading to data uncertainty. To address these challenges, this study proposes a dynamic risk analysis model for emergency repair of sudden gas pipeline leakages. A Bayesian network (BN) is used to address model uncertainty, while Hierarchical Bayesian analysis (HBA) and cloud model-based fuzzy set theory (CMFST) are employed to handle data uncertainty. The emergency repair process is divided into four stages, and a fault tree is constructed to identify risk factors, determine their logical relationships, and develop accident scenarios. The fault tree is then mapped into a BN to overcome the limitations of traditional models. To address data scarcity, expert elicitation is integrated into CMFST to derive crisp probabilities that reflect both ambiguity and randomness, while precursor data are employed in HBA to calculate and update crisp probabilities. By combining HBA and CMFST, the most probable risk factors leading to repair failure are identified through the robust inference capabilities of BN. As new observations become available, the probability of repair failure is dynamically updated over time by integrating BN and HBA, enabling continuous risk analysis. The results demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the developed model, offering a feasible solution for emergency repair risk analysis of sudden gas pipeline leakages under uncertainty.

天然气管道泄漏是引发火灾、爆炸事故的重大隐患，往往造成严重后果。开发和应用紧急维修风险分析技术可以有效地减轻此类事件并将损失降到最低。然而，现有的风险分析模型主要是静态的和定性的，不能考虑输入事件的多种状态和依赖关系，这增加了模型的不确定性。此外，风险因素的概率往往是有限的、缺失的或未知的，导致数据的不确定性。为了解决这些问题，本研究提出了天然气管道突发性泄漏应急修复的动态风险分析模型。采用贝叶斯网络（BN）处理模型的不确定性，采用层次贝叶斯分析（HBA）和基于云模型的模糊集理论（CMFST）处理数据的不确定性。将应急抢修过程分为4个阶段，构建故障树，识别风险因素，确定风险因素之间的逻辑关系，形成事故场景。然后将故障树映射到BN中，以克服传统模型的局限性。为了解决数据稀缺性问题，将专家启发集成到CMFST中以获得反映模糊性和随机性的清晰概率，而在HBA中使用前体数据来计算和更新清晰概率。通过结合HBA和CMFST，通过BN的强大推理能力识别出最可能导致修复失败的风险因素。随着新的观察结果的出现，通过集成BN和HBA，修复失败的概率会随时间动态更新，从而实现持续的风险分析。结果表明该模型的适用性和有效性，为不确定条件下天然气管道突发性泄漏应急修复风险分析提供了可行的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancement of generic data in risk assessment using a fuzzy BORA and Bayesian network approach: Case study CP2K Unit reactor, SKIKDA 利用模糊BORA和贝叶斯网络方法增强风险评估中的通用数据：以skkda CP2K单元反应堆为例

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2026.105932

Abderraouf Bouafia , Mohammed Bougofa , Wafia Benhamlaoui , Amin Baziz , Ammar Chakhrit , Mounira Rouainia

This paper discusses the evolution of the Barrier and Operational Risk Analysis (BORA) methodology into a more flexible tool by integrating fuzzy logic with a Bayesian Network (BN) framework to improve safety risk assessments in industrial processes. While BORA is traditionally used to assess the performance of safety barriers, it has limitations, particularly in dynamic risk assessment, handling dependencies, and managing uncertainties. To address these issues, fuzzy logic is applied to transform generic data into fuzzy sets, using the cumulative inverse method to derive crisp values using screened OREDA, ICSI, and SINTEF datasets supplemented by calibrated expert triplets to address data gaps and imprecision. This approach enables a more accurate representation of frequency and failure probability values. By incorporating a BN, the framework yields a versatile model capable of probabilistic reasoning. This enhancement enables real-time updates of risk levels by considering the interdependencies of safety barriers while incorporating the latest available data. The suggested approach involves transforming BORA into a network of probabilistic variables, enhancing predictive accuracy and decision-making processes. The importance of this approach is underscored through uncertainty and sensitivity analyses. A case study in the CP2K Unit Reactor showcases the practical benefits of using the fuzzy BORA-BN in industrial processes. The proposed method reduced the predicted overall accident frequency from 1.16 × 10⁻⁴ yr⁻¹ to 3.03 × 10⁻⁷ yr⁻¹, demonstrating improved uncertainty management.

本文讨论了屏障和操作风险分析（BORA）方法的演变，通过将模糊逻辑与贝叶斯网络（BN）框架相结合，使其成为一种更灵活的工具，以改进工业过程中的安全风险评估。虽然BORA传统上用于评估安全屏障的性能，但它有局限性，特别是在动态风险评估、处理依赖关系和管理不确定性方面。为了解决这些问题，应用模糊逻辑将通用数据转换为模糊集，使用累积逆方法获得清晰的值，使用筛选的OREDA， ICSI和SINTEF数据集，并补充校准的专家三元组，以解决数据缺口和不精确问题。这种方法能够更准确地表示频率和失效概率值。通过合并BN，该框架产生了一个能够进行概率推理的通用模型。在整合最新可用数据的同时，通过考虑安全屏障的相互依赖性，这种增强功能可以实时更新风险级别。建议的方法包括将BORA转换为概率变量网络，提高预测准确性和决策过程。通过不确定性和敏感性分析，强调了这种方法的重要性。CP2K单元反应器的案例研究展示了在工业过程中使用模糊BORA-BN的实际效益。该方法将预测的总事故频率从1.16 × 10−4 yr−1降低到3.03 × 10−7 yr−1，证明了改进的不确定性管理。

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引用次数: 0

Gas leakage and diffusion patterns in buried natural gas pipelines: Effect of soil properties and burial depth 埋地天然气管道中气体泄漏和扩散模式：土壤性质和埋深的影响

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2026.105930

Zeyuan Ding , Kun Chen , Hongyuan Li , Hongfu Mi , Chi-Min Shu

Buried natural gas pipelines, as the primary mode of gas transportation, have exhibited pronounced risks due to complex soil environments that hinder accurate prediction of gas leakage diffusion patterns, posing severe threats to life and property. This study employed COMSOL Multiphysics to create a three-dimensional numerical model, systematically investigating the combined effects of soil porosity (0.2–0.6), moisture content (0.01–0.6), permeability (0.5–50 Darcy, 1 Darcy = 10⁻¹² m²). Furthermore, pipeline burial depth (0.3–3 m) affects gas leakage dynamics. Key findings revealed that under low moisture conditions (1% water content), elevated soil porosity accelerates vertical gas migration by 35%–48%, enabling expeditious surface accumulation with methane concentrations exceeding 15% LEL (lower explosive limit). Conversely, at typical moisture levels (20% water content), porosity variations showed a negligible impact on gas distribution. Soil moisture emerges as a dominant inhibitory factor: Increasing moisture from 0.05 to 0.6 lessened high-concentration zones (≥5% methane) by 40%–62% through improved capillary resistance. Permeability escalation amplifies hazardous boundaries exponentially, with 50D permeability scenarios showing a 2.5–fold expansion compared with 0.5D cases. Shallow burial (0.3–1 m) prioritises vertical diffusion, elevating surface concentrations to 8%–12% LEL within 100 min, while deeper burial (>2 m) redirects 70%–85% of gas laterally, creating expansive subsurface plumes (>4 m radius) with delayed surface arrival (>300 min). By integrating multi-physics simulations, this study clarified the mechanistic interactions between soil parameters and gas leakage behaviour, offering scientific insights for optimising leak detection, risk assessment, and emergency management in buried pipelines. These findings rendered vital engineering guidance for ameliorating pipeline loss prevention and mitigating environmental hazards.

埋地天然气管道作为天然气输送的主要方式，由于土壤环境复杂，难以准确预测天然气泄漏扩散模式，存在明显的风险，对生命财产造成严重威胁。本研究利用COMSOL Multiphysics软件建立三维数值模型，系统研究了土壤孔隙度（0.2-0.6）、含水率（0.01-0.6）、渗透率（0.5-50 Darcy, 1 Darcy = 10−12 m2）的综合效应。管道埋深（0.3-3 m）影响气体泄漏动态。主要研究结果表明，在低水分条件下（含水率为1%），土壤孔隙度升高会加速35%-48%的垂直气体运移，使甲烷浓度超过15% LEL（爆炸下限）时能够迅速在地表聚集。相反，在典型水分水平（20%含水量）下，孔隙度变化对气体分布的影响可以忽略不计。土壤湿度是主要的抑制因素：土壤湿度从0.05增加到0.6，通过提高毛细阻力，高浓度区（≥5%甲烷）减少40%-62%。渗透率增加会成倍地放大危险边界，在渗透率为50D的情况下，与渗透率为0.5D的情况相比，危险边界扩大了2.5倍。浅埋层（0.3-1米）优先进行垂直扩散，在100分钟内将地表浓度提升至8%-12% LEL，而深埋层（2米）将70%-85%的天然气转向横向，形成膨胀的地下羽流（半径为4米），延迟到达地表（300分钟）。通过整合多物理场模拟，本研究阐明了土壤参数与天然气泄漏行为之间的机制相互作用，为优化地埋管道的泄漏检测、风险评估和应急管理提供了科学见解。这些发现为改善管道损失预防和减轻环境危害提供了重要的工程指导。

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引用次数: 0

Study on the coupled flame propagation dynamics of hydrogen/air deflagration in interconnected vessels 互联容器中氢气/空气爆燃耦合火焰传播动力学研究

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2026.105933

Xiaorui Liu , Lixin Cong , Bing Han , Junwei Zhou , Dong Yu

Hydrogen deflagration in interconnected vessels is more destructive than that in isolated vessels. In this study, a three-dimensional transient model of hydrogen/air explosions in an interconnected device was developed using large eddy simulation (LES). The coupling interactions among flame propagation, pre-compression, and backflow phenomenon were systematically investigated, revealing that the pressure piling originates from the flame–flow feedback between the ignition vessel and the secondary vessel. Moreover, the influences of geometric scale and ignition location were investigated. As the volume ratio increases, the peak overpressure in the secondary vessel rises monotonically, reaching 1414 kPa at a ratio of 14:1. The pipe diameter exhibits a negative correlation with the maximum overpressure, whereas increasing pipe length weakens the pre-compression but slightly enhances the peak overpressure. In addition, ignition in the larger vessel leads to a significantly more hazardous explosion than ignition in the smaller vessel.

氢气在相互连接的容器中爆燃比在孤立的容器中更具有破坏性。本文利用大涡模拟技术建立了互联装置中氢气/空气爆炸的三维瞬态模型。系统研究了火焰传播、预压缩和回流现象之间的耦合作用，揭示了压力桩产生于点火容器和二次容器之间的火焰流反馈。此外，还研究了几何尺度和点火位置的影响。随着容积比的增大，二次容器的峰值超压单调上升，达到1414kpa，其比为14:1。管径与最大超压呈负相关，管长的增加会减弱预压缩，但会略微提高峰值超压。此外，在较大的容器中点火会导致比在较小的容器中点火更危险的爆炸。

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引用次数: 0

Stage-wise CFD framework for analyzing pipeline Releases: The Satartia CO2 pipeline rupture case study 用于分析管道泄漏的分阶段CFD框架：Satartia CO2管道破裂案例研究

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2026.105929

Chi-Yang Li, Zihao Wang, Tylee L. Kareck, Qingsheng Wang

Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) relies on extensive CO₂ pipeline networks, making credible consequence assessment of pipeline failures essential to public safety and project feasibility. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) offers high-fidelity dispersion predictions in complex environments, but end-to-end analyses are often prohibitive due to demanding geometry preparation, discretization requirements, model selection, and computational cost. This work develops a stage-wise CFD framework that partitions the model into: (i) in-pipe depressurization to obtain transient mass flow histories, (ii) near-field jet expansion to approach ambient conditions and define a physically consistent handoff plane, and (iii) far-field atmospheric dispersion over realistic terrain. The framework has been applied to analyze the Satartia CO₂ pipeline rupture, while integrating terrain data, contemporaneous meteorology, and pipeline operating parameters. The simulation peaks at 33,316 ppm 9 min after the rupture, slightly above the incident's highest measured value of 28,000 ppm. Additionally, the simulation's 15-min time-averaged maximum (25,319 ppm) indicates the incident did not reach the CO₂ Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL). Beyond CO₂ pipelines, this framework generalizes to other releases from pipelines where hazards are governed by concentration profiles, providing a reproducible and computationally tractable pathway for consequence modeling in pipeline safety.

碳捕获、利用和封存（CCUS）依赖于广泛的二氧化碳管道网络，对管道故障进行可靠的后果评估对公共安全和项目可行性至关重要。计算流体动力学（CFD）可以在复杂环境中提供高保真度的色散预测，但由于几何准备、离散化要求、模型选择和计算成本的要求，端到端分析往往难以实现。这项工作开发了一个分段CFD框架，该框架将模型划分为：(i)管道内降压以获得瞬态质量流历史，（ii）近场射流膨胀以接近环境条件并定义物理一致的交接平面，以及（iii）远场大气弥散在现实地形上。该框架已应用于分析Satartia CO2管道破裂，同时整合地形数据、同期气象和管道运行参数。破裂后9分钟的模拟峰值为33,316 ppm，略高于事件的最高测量值28,000 ppm。此外，模拟的15分钟平均时间最大值（25,319 ppm）表明该事件未达到二氧化碳短期暴露限值（STEL）。除二氧化碳管道外，该框架还可推广到其他由浓度曲线控制危害的管道释放，为管道安全的后果建模提供了可重复和计算可处理的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Application of TNT equivalent model to vented explosions in combustion chambers. Validation with CFD simulations TNT当量模型在燃烧室通风爆炸中的应用。CFD仿真验证

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2026.105925

Vicenç Espejo , Joaquim Casal , Eulàlia Planas

Combustion chambers are common equipment used in many industries to retrieve heat from fuels (such as in boilers, furnaces, and other fired heaters). Despite the well-documented explosion hazards associated with this equipment, accidents continue to be reported periodically in industry. Risk assessments should therefore account for these hazards, given their potential to cause severe consequences and trigger domino effects. When explosion relief panels are present, the pressure effects outside the enclosure can be complex and challenging to estimate. Effective plant layout design should also consider vulnerable elements located within the vented explosion's impact zone.

This study evaluates the applicability of the TNT-equivalent model for estimating the consequences of vented explosions in combustion chambers. A total of ten Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) explosion simulations were performed using FLACS and compared with TNT-equivalent model predictions. A strong correlation was observed, and adjusted yield factor correlations were developed specifically for vented combustion chamber explosions. These correlations enable worst-case overpressure estimation based on chamber volume and fuel characteristics.

The results demonstrate that the proposed methodology can support key engineering tasks, including the optimal placement of vent panels, definition of safety distances, evaluation of explosion consequences and domino effects in risk analysis, plant layout decisions, and retrofitting existing equipment through a better understanding of explosion effects.

燃烧室是许多工业中用于从燃料中回收热量的常见设备（如锅炉、炉子和其他燃烧的加热器）。尽管有充分的证据表明这种设备有爆炸危险，但在工业中仍定期报告事故。因此，风险评估应考虑到这些危害，因为它们有可能造成严重后果并引发多米诺骨牌效应。当防爆板存在时，外壳外的压力影响可能是复杂的，难以估计。有效的厂房布置设计还应考虑位于排气爆炸影响区内的易损要素。本研究评估tnt等效模型在估计燃烧室通风爆炸后果方面的适用性。使用FLACS进行了10次计算流体动力学（CFD）爆炸模拟，并与tnt等效模型预测结果进行了比较。观察到很强的相关性，并开发了专门用于通风燃烧室爆炸的调整产率因子相关性。这些相关性可以根据燃烧室体积和燃料特性来估计最坏情况下的超压。结果表明，所提出的方法可以支持关键工程任务，包括通风板的最佳放置，安全距离的定义，风险分析中的爆炸后果和多米诺效应评估，工厂布局决策以及通过更好地了解爆炸效应对现有设备进行改造。

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引用次数: 0

Experiments and mechanism studies on the suppression of combustion and explosion of high-risk pyrotechnics 抑制高危烟火药燃烧爆炸的实验与机理研究

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2026.105923

Zhiyue Han , Yu Mu , Yue Yu , Longlong Yang , Yunjin Liu

Zirconium-based pyrotechnic Zr/Pb₃O₄ is widely used in military and civilian fields. However, its high mechanical sensitivity makes it prone to accidental ignition and explosion during production. In this work, the inhibitory effect of four inhibitors, NaHCO₃, NH₄H₂PO₄, Mg(OH)₂, and Al(OH)₃, on the ignition and detonation of Zr/Pb₃O₄ was investigated by utilizing a closed exploder, and the inhibitory effect of the Mg(OH)₂ inhibitor was found to be the best under the same conditions by comparing key parameters—maximum pressure (ΔP_max) and maximum pressure rise rate (ΔS_max). Subsequently, the flame propagation process during the combustion of Zr/Pb₃O₄ was experimentally investigated by using a visual dust explosion propagation small-scale test device and a rapid flame suppression experimental device with Mg(OH)₂ inhibitor. Experimental results indicate that, under identical dosage conditions, adding Mg(OH)₂ as an inhibitor to the Zr/Pb₃O₄ reduces the combustion time by around 52.7 %, effectively blocking flame propagation when the pyrotechnic spread diameter is 9 cm and the suppressant release time is 15 ms. The primary inhibition mechanisms involve physical heat absorption for cooling, and the formation of a high-temperature-resistant protective layer by MgO (a decomposition product of Mg(OH)₂) to block the flame propagation. This work can provide technical support and theoretical guidance for the safe production of the Zr/Pb₃O₄.

锆基烟火材料Zr/Pb3O4广泛应用于军事和民用领域。然而，它的高机械灵敏度使其在生产过程中容易发生意外着火和爆炸。本文利用密闭爆炸装置研究了NaHCO3、NH4H2PO4、Mg(OH)2和Al(OH)3 4种抑制剂对Zr/Pb3O4的点火爆轰效果，通过比较最大压力（ΔPmax）和最大升压速率（ΔSmax）等关键参数，发现相同条件下，Mg(OH)2抑制剂的抑制效果最好。随后，采用视觉粉尘爆炸传播小型试验装置和Mg(OH)2抑制剂快速抑焰实验装置，对Zr/Pb3O4燃烧过程中的火焰传播过程进行了实验研究。实验结果表明，在相同的掺量条件下，在Zr/Pb3O4中加入Mg(OH)2作为抑制剂，当烟火扩散直径为9 cm，抑制剂释放时间为15 ms时，可有效阻断火焰的传播，使燃烧时间缩短约52.7%。主要的抑制机制包括物理吸热冷却和MgO （Mg(OH)2的分解产物）形成耐高温保护层以阻止火焰传播。该工作可为Zr/Pb3O4的安全生产提供技术支持和理论指导。

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引用次数: 0

Explosion parameters of aviation kerosene/nano aluminum mixture at initial high temperature and pressure 航空煤油/纳米铝混合物在初始高温高压下的爆炸参数

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2026.105919

Yue Wang , Zhiguo Chang , Qi Zhang

JP10 (95(w)%) and nm aluminum (5(w)%) in air mist, as a special fuel used in underground mining of coalbed methane, the explosion hazard is the basis of safety design. In this study, the explosion pressure, the maximum rate of explosion pressure rise and the lower limit of the explosion concentration of aviation kerosene JP10 (95(w)%) and nm-aluminum powder (5(w)%) mist under different initial pressures and initial temperatures were observed by using a 20 L mist explosion experimental device. Change laws of the experimental peak explosion pressures of the JP10 (95(w)%) and nm aluminum (5(w)%) in air mist with concentration, with initial pressure and initial temperature have been found respectively. The experimental peak explosion pressures of the JP10 (95(w)%) and nm aluminum (5(w)%) in air mist at the concentration 500 g/m³ increase with the initial pressure and decrease as the initial temperature increases. The experimental lower explosion concentration limits of the fuel (JP10, 95(w)% nm aluminum, 5(w)% in air) mist decrease as the initial temperature increases within the initial temperature range from 30 °C to 80 °C.The lower explosion limit of the fuel-air mixture JP10 (95w%) and nm AL powder (5w%) decreases as the initial pressure increases from 0.1 MPa to 0.3 MPa.

JP10 （95(w)%）和nm铝（5(w)%）作为煤层气地下开采的特殊燃料，其爆炸危险性是安全设计的依据。本研究采用20 L雾剂爆炸实验装置，对航空煤油JP10 （95(w)%）和纳米铝粉（5(w)%）雾剂在不同初始压力和初始温度下的爆炸压力、最大爆炸压力上升率和爆炸浓度下限进行了观测。得到了JP10 （95(w)%）和nm铝（5(w)%）在空气雾中实验峰值爆炸压力随浓度、初始压力和初始温度的变化规律。在500 g/m3浓度的空气雾中，JP10 （95(w)%）和nm铝（5(w)%）的实验峰值爆炸压力随初始压力增大而增大，随初始温度升高而减小。在30 ~ 80℃的初始温度范围内，燃料(JP10, 95（w)% nm铝，5(w)%空气）雾的实验爆炸下限随着初始温度的升高而降低。当初始压力从0.1 MPa增加到0.3 MPa时，JP10 （95w%）和nm AL粉（5w%）的混合气爆炸下限降低。

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