{"title":"Suitable transition temperature on thermo-adaptive reflectance for opaque facades: Influence of climate, solar orientation, and facade material","authors":"Rita Andrade Santos , Nuno Vieira Simões , José Dinis Silvestre , Inês Flores-Colen","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113268","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermo-adaptive reflectance (TAR) opaque facades change their solar reflectance in response to temperature variations. This behaviour can be optimised to improve indoor thermal comfort by tailoring the transition temperature (TT), i.e., the temperature in which the solar reflectance changes. The study aims to identify which factors influence the suitable transition temperature (STT), i.e., the transition temperature<!--> <!-->that enables achieving the lowest total degree hour, and the magnitude of the benefits of applying TAR concept to opaque facades. A 3D model was created to assess indoor thermal comfort by running dynamic thermal simulations. Resorting to the energy management system, the solar reflectance variation based on the external face’s temperature was possible, enabling thermo-adaptive reflectance emulation. A parametric study was conducted, considering three solar orientations, four density facade categories and four different climates. For each scenario, the STT for TAR on opaque facades was determined by considering the lowest total degree hour. Two multiple regression models were generated using the sample comprising the case studies in which the most STT was used. The entities (case studies) were characterized by variables covering the climate, facade solar orientation, material, and comfort subjects. The analysis identified climate as the primary influencing factor on the STT, followed by facade material and solar orientation. The impact of TAR on the relative total degree hours improvement was significantly influenced by the facade material, followed by climate. Concluding that TT prescription is mandatory for each facade, even within the same building, and that TAR concept application is not universal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 113268"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Solar Energy","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038092X25000313","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENERGY & FUELS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Thermo-adaptive reflectance (TAR) opaque facades change their solar reflectance in response to temperature variations. This behaviour can be optimised to improve indoor thermal comfort by tailoring the transition temperature (TT), i.e., the temperature in which the solar reflectance changes. The study aims to identify which factors influence the suitable transition temperature (STT), i.e., the transition temperature that enables achieving the lowest total degree hour, and the magnitude of the benefits of applying TAR concept to opaque facades. A 3D model was created to assess indoor thermal comfort by running dynamic thermal simulations. Resorting to the energy management system, the solar reflectance variation based on the external face’s temperature was possible, enabling thermo-adaptive reflectance emulation. A parametric study was conducted, considering three solar orientations, four density facade categories and four different climates. For each scenario, the STT for TAR on opaque facades was determined by considering the lowest total degree hour. Two multiple regression models were generated using the sample comprising the case studies in which the most STT was used. The entities (case studies) were characterized by variables covering the climate, facade solar orientation, material, and comfort subjects. The analysis identified climate as the primary influencing factor on the STT, followed by facade material and solar orientation. The impact of TAR on the relative total degree hours improvement was significantly influenced by the facade material, followed by climate. Concluding that TT prescription is mandatory for each facade, even within the same building, and that TAR concept application is not universal.
期刊介绍:
Solar Energy welcomes manuscripts presenting information not previously published in journals on any aspect of solar energy research, development, application, measurement or policy. The term "solar energy" in this context includes the indirect uses such as wind energy and biomass