Solar Energy最新文献

Mirror density optimization of solar tower system considering optical and receiver parameters 考虑光学和接收器参数的太阳塔系统反射镜密度优化

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2026.114375

Indranil Paul, Shireesh B. Kedare

The optical performance of the solar tower system depends on the specifications of the heliostat and receiver, along with the tower height and the mirror arrangement in the field. In this study, the heliostat field domain is discretized into a grid, and the mirror density denotes the mirror area in each grid element. The receiver aperture is idealized to be the outer surface of a cone situated at the aim point on the tower, and is represented by the tilt angle. The cosine and the attenuation efficiency are calculated based on the grid point location and the aim point. The interception efficiency is predicted by approximating the spread of the image on the receiver aperture plane. The mirror density is used to estimate the shading and the blocking efficiency. An optimization procedure is developed that can distribute a given mirror area optimally to reach the maximum optical efficiency. Detailed parametric analyses facilitated a deeper understanding of optical performance and mirror density distribution with the system parameters. Optical efficiency improvement of 3%-5% can be achieved by optimally tilting the receiver aperture. The heliostat field’s annual optical efficiency and average mirror density increase with the tower height to varying extents depending on the latitude. Results also indicate that, smaller capacity solar tower systems employing a short tower might be more beneficial for higher latitude locations. On the other hand, the combination of a tall tower and a high tilt receiver aperture might be preferable for lower latitude locations.

太阳能塔系统的光学性能取决于定日镜和接收器的规格，以及塔的高度和反射镜在野外的布置。在本研究中，定日镜场域被离散成一个网格，镜面密度表示每个网格单元中的镜面面积。理想的接收机孔径是位于塔上瞄准点的圆锥的外表面，用倾斜角表示。根据网格点位置和目标点计算余弦值和衰减效率。通过近似图像在接收机孔径平面上的扩散来预测拦截效率。镜面密度用于估计遮光和遮挡效率。提出了一种优化程序，可以对给定的反射镜面积进行优化分配，以达到最大的光学效率。详细的参数分析有助于更深入地了解系统参数的光学性能和反射镜密度分布。通过优化倾斜接收孔径，光学效率可提高3%-5%。定日镜场的年光学效率和平均镜密度随塔架高度的增加而随纬度的不同而不同程度地增加。结果还表明，采用短塔的小容量太阳能塔系统可能更有利于高纬度地区。另一方面，高塔和高倾角接收机孔径的组合可能更适合低纬度地区。

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引用次数: 0

Performance analysis and optimization of a spectral beam splitting photovoltaic thermal system 光谱分束光伏热系统性能分析与优化

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2026.114389

Shifan Wei , Hui Xu , Yanhui Wang , Gang Tang , Hongtao Xu

Spectral beam splitting provides an effective method for decoupling photovoltaic and photothermal conversion processes, enabling full-spectrum utilization of concentrated solar energy. However, most existing spectral beam splitting concentrating photovoltaic and thermal systems are evaluated under steady-state conditions, which makes it difficult to reflect the combined effects of solar irradiance fluctuation, temperature variation, and load change during long-term operation. In this study, a spectral beam splitting concentrating photovoltaic and thermal system based on a parabolic trough with secondary high concentration is proposed. A transient simulation model is established to investigate system performance during typical weekly and annual operation. System performance is evaluated using energy utilization efficiency, renewable energy contribution rate, and exergy efficiency. On this basis, a comprehensive performance index is constructed using the entropy weight method, and key system parameters are optimized using the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The results indicate that the system delivers a stable energy supply throughout the year, with annual average energy utilization efficiency, renewable energy contribution rate, and exergy efficiency of 64.4%, 65.5%, and 13.2%, respectively. Seasonal analysis indicates that under high solar radiation conditions in summer, renewable energy can meet most of the system energy demand, while in winter the system relies more on grid electricity to satisfy increased thermal loads. After optimization, the comprehensive performance index increases from 46.1% to 54.6%, corresponding to an improvement of 8.5%.

光谱分束提供了一种有效的解耦光伏和光热转换过程的方法，使聚光太阳能的全光谱利用成为可能。然而，现有的光谱分束聚光光伏和热系统大多是在稳态条件下进行评估，难以反映长期运行中太阳辐照度波动、温度变化和负荷变化的综合影响。本文提出了一种基于二次高浓度抛物线槽的分光光谱聚光光伏热系统。建立了暂态仿真模型，研究了典型的周运行和年运行时的系统性能。系统性能评估使用能源利用效率，可再生能源贡献率和能源效率。在此基础上，采用熵权法构建综合性能指标，并采用粒子群算法对系统关键参数进行优化。结果表明，系统全年能源供应稳定，年平均能源利用效率、可再生能源贡献率和火用效率分别为64.4%、65.5%和13.2%。季节分析表明，在夏季高太阳辐射条件下，可再生能源可以满足系统大部分能源需求，而在冬季，系统更多地依赖电网电力来满足增加的热负荷。优化后，综合性能指标由46.1%提高到54.6%，相应提高8.5%。

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引用次数: 0

A robust rule-based method for detecting and classifying underperformance in photovoltaic systems using inverter data 一种基于规则的基于逆变器数据的光伏系统劣化检测和分类方法

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2026.114382

Bernardo Mendonca Severiano , Earl Duran , Jonathan Rispler , Jaysson Guerrero Orbe , Yinyan Liu , Fiacre Rougieux , Anna Bruce , Baran Yildiz , Chris Martell , Ibrahim Anwar Ibrahim

This study presents a practical and scalable rule-based methodology for detecting and classifying underperformance in photovoltaic (PV) systems using only inverter data from the alternating current (AC) side. Motivated by the need for reliable, low-cost underperformance detection in distributed PV systems, the proposed approach eliminates reliance on high-resolution direct current (DC) side measurements or complex sensor infrastructure. A suite of algorithms was developed to identify and classify common underperformance events, including generation clipping, inverter tripping, recurring anomalies, and seasonal or daily yield reductions. The method was validated using real-world data from 1089 PV systems (2213 inverter monitors) throughout Australia, representing eight major inverter brands. A subset of 807 industry-labelled fault instances was used for performance benchmarking. The results demonstrated high classification accuracy for underperformance events (92% and 88% for our two defined cases), while highlighting areas for refinement in detecting more ambiguous cases such as generation clipping (56%). This work addresses a critical gap in current performance monitoring practices, offering a robust, low-intervention solution for PV fleet operators seeking to improve reliability, fault response, and economic performance at scale.

本研究提出了一种实用且可扩展的基于规则的方法，用于仅使用来自交流（AC）侧的逆变器数据来检测和分类光伏（PV）系统的性能不佳。由于分布式光伏系统需要可靠、低成本的性能不佳检测，该方法消除了对高分辨率直流侧测量或复杂传感器基础设施的依赖。开发了一套算法来识别和分类常见的性能不佳事件，包括发电量减少、逆变器脱扣、反复出现的异常以及季节性或每日产量下降。该方法使用来自澳大利亚1089个光伏系统（2213个逆变器监视器）的真实数据进行了验证，代表了八个主要逆变器品牌。807个行业标记故障实例的子集用于性能基准测试。结果表明，对于性能不佳的事件，分类准确率很高（对于我们定义的两个案例，分类准确率分别为92%和88%），同时突出了在检测更模糊的情况（如生成裁剪）时需要改进的领域（56%）。这项工作解决了当前性能监测实践中的一个关键空白，为寻求提高可靠性、故障响应和大规模经济绩效的光伏发电运营商提供了一个强大的、低干预的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

A focused review on emerging trends in antimony chalcogenide based photocathodes for green hydrogen production 重点综述了基于硫系锑的绿色制氢光电阴极的发展趋势

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2026.114368

Thatheyus Peter Xavier , Deepshikha Rathore , Malar Piraviperumal

Over the past decade, extensive research has been devoted in developing cost-effective, robust, and efficient photoelectrodes for sustainable hydrogen production via photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, aiming to address the growing global energy crisis. Among various materials, antimony-based chalcogenide semiconductors, such as Sb₂Se₃, Sb₂S₃ and Sb₂(S,Se)_1-x have emerged as promising candidates for PEC photocathodes, as they meet key criteria including, suitable band gap (1.1 to 1.7 eV), superior optoelectronic properties, high absorption coefficient and outstanding photocorrosion stability, making them highly suitable for solar-driven hydrogen generation. This review outlines the basic principles of PEC water splitting with its key parameter calculations and typical device configurations. Recent advancements in antimony chalcogenide based photocathodes are thoroughly reviewed, with reference to the intrinsic optoelectronic properties, morphological effects, the role of cocatalyst incorporation and protective interfacial layer engineering in enhancing device performance. The review article concludes with existing challenges and future research directions, highlighting the potential of antimony chalcogenide photocathodes for low-cost, efficient solar hydrogen production, tandem device architectures, and commercial-scale applications.

在过去的十年中，为了解决日益严重的全球能源危机，人们致力于通过光电化学（PEC）水分解来开发具有成本效益，耐用性和高效的可持续制氢光电极。在各种材料中，锑基硫系半导体，如Sb2Se3， Sb2S3和Sb2(S,Se)1-x已成为有希望的PEC光电阴极候选者，因为它们满足关键标准，包括合适的带隙（1.1至1.7 eV），优越的光电性能，高吸收系数和出色的光腐蚀稳定性，使其非常适合太阳能驱动制氢。本文综述了PEC水裂解的基本原理、关键参数计算和典型装置配置。综述了硫系锑基光电阴极的研究进展，包括其固有光电特性、形态效应、助催化剂掺入和保护界面层工程在提高器件性能方面的作用。本文总结了目前存在的挑战和未来的研究方向，强调了硫系锑光电阴极在低成本、高效太阳能制氢、串联器件结构和商业规模应用方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Integrating solar driven solutions for food processing and urban environment: : Economic and thermal evaluation of radiofrequency assisted pasteurization and reflective coating technologies for Cooling and Heat Island Mitigation 将太阳能驱动的解决方案整合到食品加工和城市环境中；*对用于冷却和缓解热岛的射频辅助巴氏灭菌和反射涂层技术进行经济和热评估

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2026.114317

Yan Jiang , RuiXia Zhang , Yong Hao

This study was aimed at establishing the effectiveness of solar thermal energy, conventional pasteurization techniques, and radiofrequency (RF) pasteurization in the processing of salmeterol, a thick vegetable homogenate in a sustainable and energy-saving process. It was a pilot-scale pasteurization model that was conducted at IRTA premises in China’s agri-food sector, Shandong, China, in 2022. The aim of this study was to compare solar-assisted pasteurization with a conventional system that will utilize an electric steam boiler, and to determine seasonal energy consumption and the percentage of solar achieved during the process. Results established that the energy consumption by the two technologies was reduced by a large margin upon the incorporation of the solar thermal, especially during the summers when the percentage of solar was up to 90. This works to the advantage of Salmeterol which is a seasonal fruit because it is during the summer months that it is produced most. Radiofrequency pasteurization was not restricted by low solar irradiance because it was compatible with renewable energy sources and volumetric heating; thus, when solar levels were low, solar percentages remained high, and the overall energy and thermal efficiency were high. The results of this research reveal that solar-RF hybrid systems are highly promising in reducing the carbon footprint of food processing and achieving higher energy savings. The approach offers a better environmental friendly and resource efficient thermal treatment process on agri-food products especially on those that are sensitive to heat or even on those that are seasonal.

本研究旨在确定太阳能热能、传统巴氏灭菌技术和射频（RF）巴氏灭菌在沙美特罗（一种浓稠的蔬菜匀浆）加工过程中的可持续和节能效果。这是一个中试规模的巴氏杀菌模型，于2022年在中国山东农业食品部门的IRTA场所进行。本研究的目的是比较太阳能辅助巴氏灭菌与利用电蒸汽锅炉的传统系统，并确定季节性能源消耗和在此过程中实现的太阳能百分比。结果表明，两种技术的能源消耗在太阳能热的结合后大大减少，特别是在夏季，当太阳能的百分比高达90%时。沙美特罗是一种季节性水果，因为它在夏季生产最多。射频巴氏灭菌不受低太阳辐照度的限制，因为它与可再生能源和体积加热兼容；因此，当太阳能水平低时，太阳能百分比仍然很高，整体能源和热效率也很高。这项研究的结果表明，太阳能-射频混合系统在减少食品加工的碳足迹和实现更高的能源节约方面非常有前途。该方法为农产品提供了一种更好的环境友好型和资源高效的热处理工艺，特别是对那些对热敏感的农产品，甚至是季节性的农产品。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation of various smart switchable double glazing systems for reducing air conditioning expenses and carbon emissions in smart and sustainable buildings 各种智能可切换双层玻璃系统的研究，以减少智能和可持续建筑中的空调费用和碳排放

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2026.114374

K.Joel Ashirvadam, Saboor Shaik

Energy-efficient measures have gained significant momentum in recent times. Buildings are adapting to this trend by controlling artificial methods of cooling, heating, and lighting. Double-pane glass effectively manages solar radiation in buildings by reducing the cooling loads. Smart switchable PDLC glazing, which adjusts from transparent to translucent based on an electric field, also aids in solar regulation. The spectral properties in the UV-VIS-NIR region were measured for seven samples: clear glass, double-pane glass with 4mm, 8mm, and 12mm air gaps, and PDLC with double-pane glass at the same gaps. The study focused on Lucknow (hot-arid) and Jamshedpur (hot-humid). A real time building model is considered to investigate the heat gains, air conditioning cost reductions, carbon emissions and payback periods. The double pane glazing which is attached by PDLC showed reliable results. For daylighting analysis, the simulation tool Design builder is used. The heat gain is reduced about 31.14% when clear glazing is replaced with double glazing with PDLC-ON and air gap of 12mm.The operating cost of the same is 4.35 $/m² for Lucknow and 5.84 $/m² for Jamshedpur which is very economical. In addition to that, it also mitigates carbon emissions by 21.9 tCO₂/year and 15.41 tCO₂/year, respectively. For this glazing in Lucknow climatic condition, the payback period is less than 14 years. For both climates it provides adequate daylight in all orientations also offering the color rendering index of over 90 which indicates high quality light. The results are useful for designing smart and energy conscious buildings.

近年来，节能措施取得了显著进展。建筑通过控制人工制冷、供暖和照明的方法来适应这一趋势。双层玻璃通过减少冷却负荷有效地控制建筑物内的太阳辐射。智能可切换PDLC玻璃，根据电场从透明到半透明调节，也有助于太阳能调节。对透明玻璃、具有4mm、8mm和12mm气隙的双层玻璃和具有相同气隙的双层玻璃七种样品的紫外-可见-近红外光谱特性进行了测量。这项研究的重点是勒克瑙（炎热干旱）和贾姆谢德布尔（炎热潮湿）。一个实时的建筑模型被认为是调查热量增益，空调成本降低，碳排放和投资回收期。采用PDLC贴附双层玻璃，效果可靠。对于采光分析，使用仿真工具Design builder。采用PDLC-ON双层玻璃，气隙为12mm，取代纯玻璃，热增益降低约31.14%。同样的运营成本，勒克瑙是4.35美元/平方米，贾姆谢德布尔是5.84美元/平方米，非常经济。除此之外，它还减少了21.9 tCO2/年和15.41 tCO2/年的碳排放。在勒克瑙的气候条件下，这种玻璃的投资回收期不到14年。对于这两种气候，它在所有方向都提供充足的日光，并提供超过90的显色指数，这表明高质量的光。研究结果对设计智能节能建筑很有帮助。

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引用次数: 0

Preparation and characterization of a new supercooled composite phase-change material based on sodium acetate trihydrate 基于三水合乙酸钠的新型过冷复合相变材料的制备与表征

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2026.114386

Can Li, Guobing Zhou, Siyu Zhang

Supercooled sodium acetate trihydrate (SAT) has significant potential for long-term thermal storage and flexible heat release because of high latent heat, cheapness and large supercooling degree. However, the relatively high melting point limits application in low-temperature scenarios. In this study, inorganic chlorides (KCl, NaCl, NH₄Cl) are introduced as melting-point regulators, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), xanthan gum (XG), gelatin and starch as thickeners are added to prepare modified SAT-based composite phase change materials (CPCMs). Thermal performances and phase separation of the CPCMs are systematically investigated. Results show that 24% NH₄Cl reduces the maximum discharging temperature (T_dis) to 29.89 °C while maintaining stable supercooling, whereas 8% KCl and 4% NaCl only lower T_dis to 50.65 °C and 52 °C, respectively. The optimal thickener contents to suppress phase separation are 1% CMC, 0.5% XG, 0.25% gelatin, and 1% starch, respectively. For the final CPCM composition of SAT + 24% NH₄Cl + 0.5% XG, DSC tests determine the latent heat being 170.4 J/g. XRD analysis shows no formation of new crystalline phases after NH₄Cl incorporation. The thermal conductivity of the CPCM is 0.627 W/(m·K). Thermal cycling tests demonstrate the CPCM maintains stable supercooling at − 10 °C after 100 cycles. A low-temperature concrete curing experiment validates the feasibility of final CPCM for low-temperature thermal management. This study provides experimental basis for low-temperature modification of SAT while maintaining stable supercooling for flexible thermal storage. The developed CPCM has suitable T_dis, high latent heat and less phase separation, indicating promising application potential in building energy conservation, concrete curing, and battery thermal management.

过冷型三水合乙酸钠（SAT）具有潜热高、价格便宜、过冷度大等优点，具有长期储热和灵活放热的潜力。然而，相对较高的熔点限制了在低温情况下的应用。本研究以无机氯化物（KCl、NaCl、NH4Cl）作为熔点调节剂，加入羧甲基纤维素（CMC）、黄原胶（XG）、明胶和淀粉作为增稠剂，制备改性sat基复合相变材料（CPCMs）。系统地研究了cpcm的热性能和相分离性能。结果表明，24%的NH4Cl在保持稳定过冷的情况下，可将最大放电温度（Tdis）降低至29.89℃，而8%的KCl和4%的NaCl仅能将Tdis分别降低至50.65℃和52℃。抑制相分离的最佳增稠剂含量分别为1% CMC、0.5% XG、0.25%明胶和1%淀粉。最终CPCM组成为SAT + 24% NH4Cl + 0.5% XG， DSC测试确定潜热为170.4 J/g。XRD分析表明，加入NH4Cl后没有形成新的晶相。CPCM的导热系数为0.627 W/（m·K）。热循环测试表明，CPCM在100次循环后保持稳定的过冷- 10°C。低温混凝土养护试验验证了最终CPCM用于低温热管理的可行性。本研究为低温改性SAT同时保持稳定过冷以实现柔性蓄热提供了实验依据。所研制的CPCM具有温度适宜、潜热高、相分离少等特点，在建筑节能、混凝土养护、电池热管理等方面具有广阔的应用前景。

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引用次数: 0

Post-processing of ensemble photovoltaic power forecasts with distributional and quantile regression methods 分布式和分位数回归方法对光伏发电总量预测的后处理

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2026.114361

Martin János Mayer , Ágnes Baran , Sebastian Lerch , Nina Horat , Dazhi Yang , Sándor Baran

Accurate and reliable forecasting of photovoltaic (PV) power production is crucial for grid operations, electricity markets, and energy planning, as solar systems now contribute a significant share of the electricity supply in many countries. PV power forecasts are often generated by converting forecasts of relevant weather variables to power forecasts via a model chain. The use of ensemble simulations from numerical weather prediction models results in probabilistic PV forecasts in the form of a forecast ensemble. However, weather forecasts often exhibit systematic errors that propagate through the model chain, leading to biased and/or uncalibrated PV power forecasts. These deficiencies can be mitigated by statistical post-processing. Using PV production data and corresponding short-term PV power ensemble forecasts at seven utility-scale PV plants in Hungary, we systematically evaluate and compare seven state-of-the-art methods for post-processing PV power forecasts. These include both parametric and non-parametric techniques, as well as statistical and machine learning-based approaches. Our results show that compared to the raw PV power ensemble, any form of statistical post-processing significantly improves the predictive performance reducing the mean continuous ranked probability score (CRPS) by 11.1–14.7%. Non-parametric methods outperform parametric models, with advanced nonlinear quantile regression models showing the best results. Furthermore, machine learning-based approaches surpass their traditional statistical counterparts by around 2 percentage points in terms of the improvement in mean CRPS over the raw forecasts.

由于太阳能系统目前在许多国家的电力供应中占有相当大的份额，对光伏发电的准确和可靠预测对电网运行、电力市场和能源规划至关重要。光伏发电功率预测通常是通过模型链将相关天气变量的预测转换为功率预测而生成的。利用数值天气预报模式的集合模拟，以预报集合的形式得到概率PV预报。然而，天气预报经常表现出通过模型链传播的系统误差，导致有偏差和/或未经校准的光伏发电预测。这些缺陷可以通过统计后处理加以缓解。利用匈牙利七个公用事业规模的光伏电站的光伏生产数据和相应的短期光伏发电预测，我们系统地评估和比较了七种最先进的光伏发电预测后处理方法。这些包括参数和非参数技术，以及基于统计和机器学习的方法。我们的研究结果表明，与原始光伏发电系统相比，任何形式的统计后处理都显著提高了预测性能，将平均连续排名概率得分（CRPS）降低了11.1-14.7%。非参数方法优于参数模型，其中先进的非线性分位数回归模型显示出最好的结果。此外，与原始预测相比，基于机器学习的方法在平均CRPS的改进方面比传统的统计方法高出约2个百分点。

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引用次数: 0

A climate-tailored predictive methodology for directly coupled photovoltaic-electrolyzer systems 直接耦合光伏-电解槽系统的气候定制预测方法

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2026.114342

Ze Ren , Yi Peng , Yizhou Zhu , Baichuan He , Zilong Zeng , Qingfan Liu , Zejia Pan , Dengwei Jing

The performance of directly coupled photovoltaic-electrolyzer (PVEC) systems exhibits significant regional variability due to climatic factors, necessitating reliable prediction methodology for deployment planning. This study presents a novel methodology integrating a dynamic nonlinear PVEC model with tailored data processing for region-specific production prediction. The model, developed in Simulink and integrated with MATLAB-coded algorithmic components, incorporates essential subsystems: photovoltaics, electrolyzer, DC-DC conversion, and maximum power point tracking. The data processing framework introduces signal transformations between discrete, continuous, piecewise linear, and piecewise constant formats, alongside a “typical day” concept to reduce computational costs. Following experimental validation of core components, the model demonstrated an accuracy of over 90% in predicting an annual hydrogen production of 121 Nm³ for a PVEC system with 2.8 m² photovoltaic cell in Xi’an, China. The simulation predicts that the hydrogen production in the highest output month (July) is 2.44 times that of the lowest output month (January), and under the average meteorological conditions in Xi’an, the STH (Solar to Hydrogen) efficiency of the system is expected to remain within the range of 9% to 11%, with an estimated investment payback period of around 4–5 years after deployment. The proposed methodology establishes a valuable evaluation framework for PVEC deployment across diverse climatic regions.

由于气候因素，直接耦合光伏-电解槽（PVEC）系统的性能表现出显著的区域差异，因此需要可靠的预测方法来进行部署规划。本研究提出了一种将动态非线性PVEC模型与定制数据处理相结合的新方法，用于特定区域的产量预测。该模型在Simulink中开发，并集成了matlab编码的算法组件，包括基本子系统：光伏，电解槽，DC-DC转换和最大功率点跟踪。数据处理框架引入了离散、连续、分段线性和分段常量格式之间的信号转换，以及“典型日”概念，以减少计算成本。在对核心组件进行实验验证后，该模型在预测中国西安2.8 m2光伏电池的PVEC系统年产氢121 Nm3方面的准确性超过90%。模拟预测，在最高出力月份（7月）的产氢量是最低出力月份（1月）的2.44倍，在西安市的平均气象条件下，系统的STH （Solar to hydrogen）效率预计将保持在9% ~ 11%的范围内，预计部署后的投资回收期约为4 ~ 5年。提出的方法为PVEC在不同气候区域的部署建立了一个有价值的评估框架。

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引用次数: 0

Research on the rear surface temperature monitoring method of photovoltaic panels based on BOTDR 基于BOTDR的光伏板后表面温度监测方法研究

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2026.114383

Ziming Hua , Lijuan Zhao , Zhiyuan Xie , Chenglin Zeng , Zhiniu Xu , Yuedong Chen

In this work, Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer (BOTDR) is introduced to monitor the temperature of photovoltaic (PV) panels, and it is validated through experiments. First, with the help of thermostatic water bath, the Brillouin temperature coefficient of the sensing optical fiber is determined, the accuracy of BOTDR and thermocouple is checked. Then, the attenuation characteristics of the Brillouin gain spectrum for different optical fiber layout schemes are measured. The results reveal that a bending radius smaller than 1.5 cm hinders high-accuracy temperature measurement. By comparing the temperature measured by BOTDR and thermocouples, a suitable optical fiber layout scheme is determined. Further, the temperature on the PV panels is measured by BOTDR and three-point thermocouple method. When the ambient temperature ranges from 23.6°C to 31.2°C, wind speed ranges from 0.28 m/s to 2.22 m/s, and solar irradiance ranges from 176 W/m² to 747 W/m², the results show that the MAE ranges from 0.59°C to 0.69°C and the MSE ranges from 0.46°C² to 0.64°C², with small variations among different experimental days. In addition, the BOTDR system is utilized to conduct temperature monitoring studies on PV panels with different tilt angles and cleaning conditions. The experimental results reveal that the proposed method can effectively monitor the temperature on the rear surface of the PV panels under complex conditions.

本文将布里渊光时域反射计（BOTDR）引入光伏板温度监测中，并通过实验对其进行了验证。首先，利用恒温水浴法测定了传感光纤的布里渊温度系数，并对BOTDR和热电偶的精度进行了校核。然后，测量了不同光纤布局方案下布里渊增益谱的衰减特性。结果表明，弯曲半径小于1.5 cm不利于高精度的温度测量。通过对热电偶和BOTDR测温结果的比较，确定了合适的光纤布局方案。此外，采用BOTDR和三点热电偶法测量光伏板上的温度。当环境温度为23.6℃~ 31.2℃，风速为0.28 ~ 2.22 m/s，太阳辐照度为176 ~ 747 W/m2时，MAE在0.59℃~ 0.69℃之间，MSE在0.46°C2 ~ 0.64°C2之间，不同试验日之间变化不大。此外，利用BOTDR系统对不同倾斜角度和清洗条件下的光伏板进行温度监测研究。实验结果表明，该方法可以有效地监测复杂条件下光伏板后表面的温度。

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