Solar Energy最新文献

Optimization of design parameters and operation conditions of solar-air source heat pump coupled system for rural buildings in cold and severe cold regions 寒冷及严寒地区农村建筑太阳能-空气源热泵耦合系统设计参数及运行条件优化

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113147

Zhibin Zhang , Ying Cao , Siyu Qin , Zheng Wang , Wei Gao , Guosheng Jia , Linwen Jin

Integrating solar energy utilization into air source heat pump heating systems can effectively cut down on energy consumption. However, the complexity of coupled systems poses a challenge to system performance optimization. In this paper, a solar-air source heat pump coupled system designed for heating in cold (Beijing) and severe cold (Changchun) regions is developed and analyzed by TRNSYS software. Response surface methodology (RSM) is employed to establish regression models for different performance indicators, and then the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) is adopted to solve the multi-objective optimization of interactive performance parameters through Pareto optimal solution set. The regression models of the performance indicators, i.e., the energy consumption (P), the solar energy assurance rate (Ar) and the ratio of heating supply from solar energy storage tank to building load (Hs), are found to be closely related to the area of solar collectors (A) and the volumes of storage tanks (V_l for solar collector loop and V_s for ASHP loop). The obtained Pareto set successfully balances the optimal values of interactive performance indicators. In cold regions, P, Ar, Hs of the coupled system can be improved respectively by 31.79%, 33.00% and 40.07% compared to the single air source heat pump system. While in severe cold regions, these improvements are 16.25%, 15.35% and 28.38%, respectively. The design method and optimization procedure of this study provide a basis for the optimization of the solar and auxiliary heat source coupled heating systems.

将太阳能利用整合到空气源热泵供暖系统中，可以有效降低能源消耗。然而，耦合系统的复杂性给系统性能优化带来了挑战。本文采用TRNSYS软件，对一种用于寒冷（北京）和严寒（长春）地区供热的太阳能-空气源热泵耦合系统进行了开发和分析。采用响应面法（RSM）建立不同性能指标的回归模型，然后采用非支配排序遗传算法- ii (NSGA-II)，通过Pareto最优解集求解交互性能参数的多目标优化问题。研究发现，能源消耗(P)、太阳能保证率（Ar）和太阳能蓄热罐供热与建筑负荷之比（Hs）等性能指标的回归模型与太阳能集热器面积(A)和蓄热罐容积（Vl为太阳能集热器回路，v为空气源热泵回路）密切相关。得到的Pareto集合成功地平衡了交互性能指标的最优值。在寒冷地区，与单一空气源热泵系统相比，耦合系统的P、Ar、Hs分别可提高31.79%、33.00%和40.07%。而在严寒地区，这些改善分别为16.25%，15.35%和28.38%。本研究的设计方法和优化步骤为太阳能与辅助热源耦合加热系统的优化提供了依据。

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引用次数: 0

Design and performance analysis of novel perovskite/CZTSe hybrid solar cell for high efficiency 新型高效钙钛矿/CZTSe混合太阳能电池的设计与性能分析

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113146

Rabin Paul , Shweta Shukla , Trupti Ranjan Lenka , Fazal Ahmed Talukdar , Hieu Pham Trung Nguyen

With newer developments, the solar cells in the market need to be more efficient, affordable, stable, and environment friendly. The perovskite solar cells have already shown very impressive progress in performance since their inception. It has already reached 26 % efficiency and is expected to reach more, owing to its stupendous photovoltaic nature. On the other hand, even with a very high absorption coefficient, the CZTSe solar cell has not crossed the 15 % efficiency mark. Looking at the characteristics of both the materials and considerable differences in band gap, a novel hybrid structure, HTL/Perovskite/CZTSe/CdS/ZnO, has been proposed in this work to implement Perovskite (CH₃NH₃Pb_3−xCl_x) and CZTSe layer to absorb higher energy and lower energy photons respectively. In this context, choosing a proper Perovskite material becomes more crucial to have the required band alignment for the easy transportation of the excitons. The performance of the cell has been observed in varying parameters like thickness, doping, defects, and temperature. A high efficiency of 30.9 % is achieved which is much higher than the contemporary solar cells. Several other output parameters like Short Circuit Current Density (J_SC), Open Circuit Voltage (V_OC), Fill-Factor (FF%) characteristics have also been discussed.

随着新的发展，市场上的太阳能电池需要更高效、更实惠、更稳定、更环保。钙钛矿太阳能电池自问世以来，在性能方面已经取得了令人印象深刻的进步。它已经达到了26%的效率，并且由于其惊人的光伏特性，预计将达到更高的效率。另一方面，即使具有很高的吸收系数，CZTSe太阳能电池也没有超过15%的效率标志。考虑到这两种材料的特性和带隙的巨大差异，本文提出了一种新的杂化结构HTL/钙钛矿/CZTSe/CdS/ZnO，以实现钙钛矿（CH3NH3Pb3−xClx）和CZTSe层分别吸收高能量和低能光子。在这种情况下，选择合适的钙钛矿材料对于具有所需的能带对准以方便激子的传输变得更加重要。电池的性能已经在不同的参数，如厚度，掺杂，缺陷和温度观察。效率高达30.9%，远高于目前的太阳能电池。其他几个输出参数，如短路电流密度（JSC），开路电压（VOC），填充因子（FF%）特性也进行了讨论。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-objective optimization of horizontal louver systems with flat, single-curvature, and double-curvature profiles to enhance daylighting, glare control, and energy consumption in office buildings 平面、单曲率和双曲率水平百叶系统的多目标优化，以增强办公大楼的采光、眩光控制和能源消耗

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113135

Ali Kangazian

Identifying the most optimal slat shape significantly influences the performance of louver systems in terms of daylighting, glare control, and energy consumption. This is particularly crucial in climates with high levels of solar irradiance, where thermal gain and daylight illumination highly affect buildings and occupants. This study aims to identify the optimal slat shapes for various profile types—flat, single-curvature, and double-curvature—that simultaneously reduce annual energy consumption and enhance annual daylighting and visual comfort performance in fully glazed office buildings. This goal is achieved by employing a multi-objective optimization (MOO) algorithm, NSGA-II, applied to a control-point-based algorithm designed to generate diverse slat shapes for each profile type. The main objective functions include the maximization of spatial useful daylight illuminance (sUDI) and spatial glare autonomy (sGA), as well as the minimization of energy use intensity (EUI). The MOO process results in a diverse set of Pareto optimal slat shapes for each profile type, which are subsequently ranked by a fitness function. Findings suggest that the Pareto optimal solutions within each type significantly improve the overall performance of the space compared to the base case. Specifically, among these solutions, flat profiles with the highest fitness scores enhance daylighting levels of the space to a greater extent (9.028% to 14.583%) compared to single (−2.778% to 12.5%) and double-curvature profiles (−5.556% to 9.722%) with the highest scores. Regarding glare, double-curvature profiles with the highest fitness scores provide a more visually comfortable environment for users by improving the sGA value by 19.879% to 33.247% compared to the base case. However, those with a concave-convex shape produce excessive illumination in the perimeter zone, whereas those with a convex-concave shape present challenges in providing sufficient daylight in the rear zone of the space. Additionally, applying any of the Pareto optimal solutions to the louver system reduces the annual energy consumption of the office space compared to the base model. While the improvements are almost comparable, flat profiles with the highest fitness scores marginally reduces energy consumption to a greater extent (62.906% to 68.161%).

确定最佳的板条形状对百叶窗系统在采光、眩光控制和能源消耗方面的性能有显著影响。在太阳辐照度高的气候中，这一点尤为重要，因为热增益和日光照明对建筑物和居住者的影响很大。本研究旨在确定各种轮廓类型的最佳板条形状-平面，单曲率和双曲率-同时减少年度能源消耗，提高全玻璃办公大楼的年度采光和视觉舒适性能。这一目标是通过采用多目标优化（MOO）算法NSGA-II实现的，该算法应用于基于控制点的算法，旨在为每种剖面类型生成不同的板条形状。其主要目标函数包括空间有效日照照度（sUDI）和空间眩光自主性（sGA）的最大化，以及能源使用强度（EUI）的最小化。MOO过程为每种剖面类型生成了一组不同的Pareto最优板形，随后通过适应度函数对其进行排序。研究结果表明，与基本情况相比，每种类型中的帕累托最优解显著提高了空间的整体性能。具体来说，在这些解决方案中，与得分最高的单曲率（- 2.778%至12.5%）和双曲率（- 5.556%至9.722%）相比，适应性得分最高的平面轮廓在更大程度上提高了空间的采光水平（9.028%至14.583%）。在眩光方面，健康度得分最高的双曲率轮廓比基本情况下的sGA值提高了19.879% ~ 33.247%，为用户提供了更舒适的视觉环境。然而，那些凹凸形状的建筑会在周边区域产生过多的照明，而那些凹凸形状的建筑则在空间后方区域提供足够的日光方面存在挑战。此外，与基本模型相比，将任何帕累托最优解决方案应用于百叶系统减少了办公空间的年能耗。虽然这些改善几乎是相当的，但健康得分最高的扁平轮廓在更大程度上略微降低了能量消耗（62.906%至68.161%）。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing the solar still performance with nano-coated seashells and surface-modified absorber plates for clean water production 利用纳米涂覆贝壳和表面改性吸收板提高太阳能蒸馏器的性能

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113141

Poongavanam GaneshKumar , N. Thangapandian , Seong Cheol Kim , Vanaraj Ramkumar , Saravanan Pandiaraj , Abdullah N. Alodhayb

The study focuses on enhancing the thermal efficiency and water productivity yield of a double slope solar still (DSSS) by integrating a roughened corrugated copper plate, and nano-coated seashells. The surface-modified absorber plate, combined with small and larger-sized conch shells, intends to enhance thermal absorption, thermal transfer, and water evaporation. Four different SS are considered in this study, namely (i) CSS, (ii) corrugated absorber plate with shot blasting (CSBSS) (iii) corrugated absorber plate with small conch shell (CSBSSS), and (iv) corrugated absorber plate with big conch shell (CSBBSS) incorporated SS. The corrugation process and the conch shells’’ addition enhance the absorption, improving heat transfer, maintaining water temperature, reducing heat loss, promoting efficient water evaporation, and augmentation of durability and adaptability of the solar still system. The increased heat flux was observed in the corrugated copper plate (6400.7 W/m2), compared with the flat plate (4723.8 W/m²), suggests that the corrugated design is more capable of capturing and transmitting solar energy effectively through ANSYS software. The daily productivity of CSS was 1468 ml/m2/day, and CSBSS achieved 1708 ml/m2/day. Promoting the implementation of corrugation and the integration of conch shells, CSBBSS and CSBSSS systems exhibited improved yields, reaching 2002 and 2193 ml/m2/day, respectively. CSBSS, CSBSSS, and CSBBSS showed thermal efficiencies surpassing CSS by 6.41 %, 35.53 %, and 24.48 %, respectively. The average exergy efficiencies attained for CSS, CSBSS, CSBSSS, and CSBBSS were 1.653 %, 2.451 %, 3.91 %, and 3.29 %, respectively at an 8 % interest rate.

该研究的重点是通过整合粗糙的波纹铜板和纳米涂层贝壳来提高双斜面太阳能蒸馏器（DSSS）的热效率和水生产率。表面改性的吸收板，结合小尺寸和大尺寸的海螺壳，旨在加强热吸收，传热和水分蒸发。本研究考虑了四种不同的吸波板，即(i) CSS, （ii）抛丸式波纹吸收板（CSBSS），（iii）小海螺壳波纹吸收板（CSBSSS），（iv）大海螺壳波纹吸收板（CSBBSS）。波纹工艺和海螺壳的加入增强了吸波板的吸收率，改善了传热，保持了水温，减少了热量损失，促进了水的有效蒸发。提高太阳能蒸馏系统的耐久性和适应性。与平板（4723.8 W/m2）相比，波纹铜板的热流密度（6400.7 W/m2）有所增加，说明通过ANSYS软件分析，波纹铜板更能有效地捕获和传输太阳能。CSS的日生产率为1468 ml/m2/day， CSBSS的日生产率为1708 ml/m2/day。推广波纹化和海螺壳的整合，CSBBSS和CSBSSS系统的产量分别达到2002和2193毫升/平方米/天。CSBSS、CSBSSS和CSBBSS的热效率分别比CSS高6.41%、35.53%和24.48%。在8%的利率下，CSS、CSBSS、CSBSSS和CSBBSS的平均火用效率分别为1.653%、2.451%、3.91%和3.29%。

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引用次数: 0

Design, construction, and qualification of a lightweight, modular heliostat made from high-performance concrete 由高性能混凝土制成的轻型模块化定日镜的设计、建造和鉴定

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113093

Patrick Forman , Marius Schellen , Tim Schlichting , Andreas Pfahl , Peter Mark , Christian Glock , Jürgen Schnell

With regard to climate change and the importance of utilization of solar energy, the development of a modular concrete heliostat is presented. The focus thereby lies on the design and the construction of the concentrator structure, demonstrating the technical proof of concept for a small-scale collector. The idea of using concrete as a structural material is its free shapeability, and its worldwide availability. With respect to accuracy demands, a high-performance concrete (HPC) is used that possesses a high compressive and also tensile strength. The collector is designed as a strut-like structure with main radial beams and a central mount to ensure high stiffness. A circular design minimizes shading effects in the solar field. By employing symmetry reduction methods, the concentrator is dissolved into equal segments making it a modular construction. To demonstrate the feasibility, a prototype with diameter 3.2 m and a weight of just about 340 kg consisting of four modules was developed. The production is achieved using a modular formwork made from polystyrene at the RPTU Kaiserslautern. The concrete heliostat is built-up and qualified at the solar tower Jülich (Germany) by means of photogrammetric measurement of the mirror surface. In addition, the concrete structure was measured in the lab of the Ruhr University Bochum. The deformations of the concrete structure vary mainly in the range of

\pm 1

mm only indicating remarkable stiffness. In contrast, the mirror deformations reveal an optical efficiency of

S D r m s = 7.8

mrad. However, these deformations are primarily attributed to the simple mirroring concept by means of clamping, which was not the central subject of the development. However, deviations between varying collector positions are less than 2 mm and only occur in local areas of single mirror facets, which additionally underlines the stiffness of the concrete structure.

考虑到气候变化和太阳能利用的重要性，提出了组合式混凝土定日镜的研制。因此，重点在于浓缩器结构的设计和建造，展示了小型收集器概念的技术证明。使用混凝土作为结构材料的想法是它的自由成形性，以及它在世界范围内的可用性。在精度要求方面，使用高性能混凝土（HPC），具有高抗压和抗拉强度。集热器被设计成一个支柱状结构，主要径向梁和一个中央安装，以确保高刚度。圆形设计最大限度地减少了太阳场的遮阳效果。通过采用对称约简方法，聚光器被分解成相等的部分，使其成为模块化结构。为了证明其可行性，开发了一个直径3.2米，重量约340公斤的原型，由四个模块组成。该产品是在RPTU Kaiserslautern使用聚苯乙烯制成的模块化模板实现的。混凝土定日镜是在德国j利希太阳塔上通过镜面摄影测量而组装和鉴定的。此外，混凝土结构在波鸿鲁尔大学的实验室进行了测量。混凝土结构的变形变化主要在±1mm范围内，仅表明刚度显著。相比之下，镜面变形显示出SDrms=7.8 mrad的光学效率。然而，这些变形主要归因于通过夹紧的简单镜像概念，这不是开发的中心主题。然而，不同集热器位置之间的偏差小于2毫米，并且只发生在单个镜面的局部区域，这进一步强调了混凝土结构的刚度。

{"title":"Design, construction, and qualification of a lightweight, modular heliostat made from high-performance concrete","authors":"Patrick Forman , Marius Schellen , Tim Schlichting , Andreas Pfahl , Peter Mark , Christian Glock , Jürgen Schnell","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2024.113093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With regard to climate change and the importance of utilization of solar energy, the development of a modular concrete heliostat is presented. The focus thereby lies on the design and the construction of the concentrator structure, demonstrating the technical proof of concept for a small-scale collector. The idea of using concrete as a structural material is its free shapeability, and its worldwide availability. With respect to accuracy demands, a high-performance concrete (HPC) is used that possesses a high compressive and also tensile strength. The collector is designed as a strut-like structure with main radial beams and a central mount to ensure high stiffness. A circular design minimizes shading effects in the solar field. By employing symmetry reduction methods, the concentrator is dissolved into equal segments making it a modular construction. To demonstrate the feasibility, a prototype with diameter 3.2m and a weight of just about 340kg consisting of four modules was developed. The production is achieved using a modular formwork made from polystyrene at the RPTU Kaiserslautern. The concrete heliostat is built-up and qualified at the solar tower Jülich (Germany) by means of photogrammetric measurement of the mirror surface. In addition, the concrete structure was measured in the lab of the Ruhr University Bochum. The deformations of the concrete structure vary mainly in the range of <span><math><mrow><mo>±</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span> mm only indicating remarkable stiffness. In contrast, the mirror deformations reveal an optical efficiency of <span><math><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>D</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>7</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>8</mn></mrow></math></span> mrad. However, these deformations are primarily attributed to the simple mirroring concept by means of clamping, which was not the central subject of the development. However, deviations between varying collector positions are less than 2 mm and only occur in local areas of single mirror facets, which additionally underlines the stiffness of the concrete structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 113093"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Photovoltaic functionality assessment of InPBi-based solar cells using a combination of density functional theory and finite element method analysis 结合密度泛函理论和有限元法分析评估 InPBi 太阳能电池的光伏功能

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113092

Neelesh Jain , Indranil Mal , Sadhna Singh , Dip Prakash Samajdar

This work reports the theoretical investigation of the effect of incorporation of dilute Bismuth (Bi) on the optical and electronic properties of zinc blende (ZB) phase Indium Phosphide (InP) using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) basis set, Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) exchange–correlation (XC) function, and the Tran Blaha modified Becke-Johnson (TB-mBJ) potential in the density functional theory (DFT) computational framework. The obtained results show that the introduction of large-sized Bi impurities into InP increases the lattice constant and reduces the bandgap by 52 meV/Bi%. We have also presented the design of an InP/InP_1−xBi_x/InP planar solar cell (SC) utilizing the computed optical and electronic properties of the investigated InP_1-xBi_x alloy to produce SC with an average absorptance of 65.14% and 62.91% with Bi incorporation of 3.125% and 6.25%, respectively, and an optical current density (J_opt) of 29.45 mA/cm² for Bi concentration of 6.25%. We also thoroughly analyzed two additional parameters, namely the electric field distribution and photogeneration rate. By adding 6.25% Bi into InP, we obtained a band gap of 1 eV, which is perfect for SC design. With this SC, we got the highest short-circuit current density (J_sc) of 23.23 mA/cm² and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.53 %.

这项研究报告了在密度泛函理论（DFT）计算框架中，利用全电位线性化增强平面波（FP-LAPW）基集、Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof（PBE）交换相关（XC）函数和 Tran Blaha 修正贝克-约翰逊（TB-mBJ）电位，对稀释铋（Bi）的加入对锌混合物（ZB）相磷化铟（InP）的光学和电子特性的影响进行的理论研究。结果表明，在 InP 中引入大尺寸 Bi 杂质会增加晶格常数，并将带隙降低 52 meV/Bi%。我们还介绍了 InP/InP1-xBix/InP 平面太阳能电池（SC）的设计，利用所研究的 InP1-xBix 合金的计算光学和电子特性，在掺入 3.125% 和 6.25% 的 Bi 时，SC 的平均吸收率分别为 65.14% 和 62.91%，在掺入 6.25% 的 Bi 时，光电流密度（Jopt）为 29.45 mA/cm2。我们还深入分析了另外两个参数，即电场分布和光生成率。通过在 InP 中添加 6.25% 的 Bi，我们获得了 1 eV 的带隙，非常适合 SC 设计。利用这种 SC，我们获得了最高的短路电流密度（Jsc），达到 23.23 mA/cm2，功率转换效率（PCE）达到 14.53%。

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引用次数: 0

The role of masking and aperture size for accurate measurement of performance parameters of DSSCs 掩膜和孔径大小对准确测量 DSSC 性能参数的作用

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113116

Milan Kumar Mandal , Rahul Ranjan , Surajit Ghosh , Jayanta Chakraborty

DSSC efficiency is often reported with very little or no consideration of the cell area for which they are reported. Area masking of cells is almost always used for the measurement of cell performance parameters (Jsc, Voc, and FF). Although edge masking is required to exclude edge effects, a variety of masking including masking a major portion of the cells are frequently used to boost the apparent efficiency of the cell. In this work, it will be shown that the reported efficiency of a cell is strongly dependent on the exposed area. Two different kinds of cells have been considered in this work to elucidate the area effect: first is a large active area cell whose performance metrics are obtained by masking various fraction of the active area. Second, cells were fabricated with active areas ranging from small to large. A comparison of these two kinds of cells demonstrates that the cells with smaller areas show area-dependent performance parameters. A cell with a 4 mm² exposed area will show a higher efficiency of 10.47 % while the efficiency will drop to ∼ 3 % as the area increases to 60 mm² or higher. Such area dependence can be avoided if the cell area/exposed area selected is 60 mm² or above. The reason for the area dependence has been identified to be due to the presence of trap states and not due to scattering which is sometimes used in the literature to explain the area dependence.

在报告 DSSC 效率时，通常很少或根本不考虑所报告的电池面积。在测量电池性能参数（Jsc、Voc 和 FF）时，几乎总是使用电池的面积掩蔽。虽然需要进行边缘掩蔽以排除边缘效应，但包括掩蔽大部分电池在内的各种掩蔽经常被用来提高电池的表观效率。在这项工作中，我们将证明电池的表观效率与暴露面积密切相关。为了阐明面积效应，本研究考虑了两种不同的电池：第一种是大有效面积电池，其性能指标是通过掩蔽不同部分的有效面积获得的。第二种是活性面积由小到大的电池。对这两种电池的比较表明，面积较小的电池的性能参数与面积有关。暴露面积为 4 平方毫米的电池效率较高，达到 10.47%，而当面积增加到 60 平方毫米或更大时，效率将下降到 3%。如果选择的电池面积/暴露面积为 60 平方毫米或以上，就可以避免这种面积依赖性。面积依赖性的原因已被确定为陷阱态的存在，而不是文献中有时用来解释面积依赖性的散射。

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引用次数: 0

On the closure relationship among shortwave radiometric measurements under a cold climate during winter 论冬季寒冷气候下短波辐射测量的闭合关系

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113119

Bai Liu , Dazhi Yang , Zhiwen Wang , Xiang’ao Xia , Haizhi Qiu , Yanbo Shen

To support the Baseline Surface Radiation Network initiative, a new radiometric station was set up in Qiqihar, China, which has a monsoon-influenced hot-summer humid continental climate (Dwa) under the Köppen–Geiger climate classification, which is extremely rare in the world. Through a two-month operation in winter, it was observed that the station suffered from some nonclosure problems that impacted the quality of its measurements—the summation of the beam and diffuse components do not agree well with the global one. This work therefore investigates the possible causes of the problems and presents a set of quality checks to identify the causes. It is found that the problems originate from the mis-leveling of the sun tracker and frost deposition on the pyrheliometer, and once they are fixed, the closure relationship is maintained.

为了支持基线地表辐射网络计划，在中国齐齐哈尔建立了一个新的辐射测量站，根据柯本-盖革气候分类，该地区属于季风影响下的夏热湿润大陆性气候（Dwa），这在世界上极为罕见。在冬季为期两个月的运行中，观测站出现了一些非闭合问题，影响了其测量质量--波束和漫射分量的总和与全球分量的总和不太一致。因此，这项工作调查了这些问题的可能原因，并提出了一套质量检查方法来找出原因。结果发现，问题源于太阳跟踪仪的水平误差和比热计上的霜沉积，一旦这些问题得到解决，闭合关系就能保持。

引用次数: 0

Performance evaluation of indirect solar drying system for potato slices: Comparative analysis with open-sun drying method 马铃薯片间接太阳能干燥系统的性能评估：与露天太阳干燥法的比较分析

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113114

Ankit Srivastava , Atul Sharma , Anil Kumar

In this study, a partially portable indirect solar dryer (ISD) was constructed and potato slice drying characteristics were analyzed compared to the open-sun drying (OSD) method. Potato slice samples were prepared and the experiment was carried out for two days. Weight reduction environment temperature, collector plate temperature, drying chamber temperature, and drying chamber inlet temperature were recorded from 10 AM to 6 PM. every 30 min to analyze various drying characteristics. Initially moisture content (MC) of the potato slices was 83 ± 2 % (wb); after drying the final MC was 11.7 ± 2 % (wb) for OSD and 7.7 ± 2.0 % (wb) for ISD system, both in 16 h. The highest drying rate (DR) of potato slices was 18.8 (g water/g solid h) after 8 h of open sun drying, and 16.97 (g water/g solid h after) 8 h. Rehydration ratios for OSD and ISD were found 4.32 and 4.20, respectively. Shrinkage factor for OSD was 61 %, whereas ISD had a shrinkage ratio of 70 %. The highest color change values were 6.32 and 8.13 in the ISD and OSD, respectively. Water activity was reduced from 0.95 to 0.42 in ISD and from 0.95 to 0.59 in OSD.

本研究建造了一个部分便携式间接太阳能干燥器（ISD），并与露天太阳干燥法（OSD）相比分析了马铃薯片的干燥特性。制备了马铃薯片样品，实验进行了两天。从上午 10 点到下午 6 点，每隔 30 分钟记录一次减重环境温度、集热板温度、干燥室温度和干燥室入口温度，以分析各种干燥特性。马铃薯切片的初始含水量（MC）为 83 ± 2 %（湿重）；干燥后，OSD 系统的最终含水量为 11.7 ± 2 %（湿重），ISD 系统的最终含水量为 7.7 ± 2.0 %（湿重），均在 16 小时内完成。露天日晒 8 小时后，马铃薯片的最高干燥速率（DR）为 18.8（克水/克固体小时），8 小时后为 16.97（克水/克固体小时）。OSD 的收缩率为 61%，而 ISD 的收缩率为 70%。ISD 和 OSD 的最高变色值分别为 6.32 和 8.13。水活性在 ISD 中从 0.95 降至 0.42，在 OSD 中从 0.95 降至 0.59。

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引用次数: 0

Environmental, energy and economic assessment of thermionic enhanced solar dish–Stirling power generation 热离子增强型太阳能碟式搅拌发电的环境、能源和经济评估

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.113125

Zhuhao Zhang , Guanghua Zheng , Lili Wang , Ning Ding , Jiangrong Xu

This paper proposed an innovative and comprehensive environmental, energy and economic framework for the potentially promising solar thermionic–Stirling power (TSP) technique, where thermionic emission is coupled to the conventional 10 kW dish–Stirling conversion. Carbon emissions of the thermionic energy converter were accounted for the first time, by referring to the industrial production of the raw materials. The TSP exhibits a net carbon emission of 17726.35 kgCO₂Eq in the entire life cycle from cradle to grave, where the thermionic converter and Stirling engine contributed 2.01 * 10³ and 5.38 * 10³ kgCO₂Eq respectively. The maximum daily power efficiency of the TSP is 32.91 % in Hangzhou at the emitter work function of 1.8 eV and the collector work function of 1.1 eV, with an efficiency enhancement by 28.04 % compared with that of the traditional dish–Stirling system. The specific carbon emission of the TSP is 19.9–33.2 gCO₂Eq/kWh for the investigated cities in China, while the carbon payback period ranges from 0.85 to 4.81 years. The TSP implemented in Hohhot achieves a LCoE of 49.73 US$/MWh due to sufficiently strong sunshine under the constrain of internal rate of return = 9 % and net present value ≥0.

本文为具有潜在前景的太阳能热电偶-斯特林发电（TSP）技术提出了一个创新和全面的环境、能源和经济框架，其中热电偶发射与传统的 10 千瓦碟式-斯特林转换相结合。通过参考原材料的工业生产，首次对热电转换器的碳排放量进行了核算。在从摇篮到坟墓的整个生命周期中，TSP 的净碳排放量为 17726.35 kgCO2Eq，其中热电转换器和斯特林发动机分别贡献了 2.01 * 103 和 5.38 * 103 kgCO2Eq。在杭州，当发射器功函数为 1.8 eV、收集器功函数为 1.1 eV 时，热释电系统的最大日发电效率为 32.91%，与传统碟式斯特林系统相比，效率提高了 28.04%。在所调查的中国城市中，热电联供系统的碳排放量为 19.9-33.2 gCO2Eq/kWh，碳投资回收期为 0.85-4.81 年。在内部收益率 = 9 % 和净现值≥0 的约束条件下，呼和浩特实施的热电联产系统由于日照充足， LCoE 为 49.73 美元/兆瓦时。

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