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Solar-photocatalytic degradation of paracetamol using Zeolite/Fe3O4/CuS/CuWO4 p-n heterojunction: Synthesis, characterization and its application

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.113383

Alyaa Hussein Ali , Abeer I. Alwared

In this research, a p-n heterojunction of CuS with CuWO₄, Fe₃O₄, and zeolite was utilized to enhance the photocatalytic elimination of acetaminophen (ACT) from water. Acetaminophen, recognized as a persistent organic pollutant of growing environmental concern, was targeted for removal. A ternary nanocomposite of zeolite/Fe₃O₄/CuS/CuWO₄, responsive to solar energy, was successfully synthesized and characterized using various techniques, such as XRD, FTIR, EDS, SEM, AFM, TEM, VSM, DRS, PL, BET, EDS mapping, and UV–vis spectroscopy. In this study, acetaminophen (ACT) photocatalytic removal from water was improved by employing a p-n heterojunction of CuS with CuWO₄, Fe₃O₄, and zeolite. The study focused on studying important parameters such as ACT concentration, catalyst dosage, and pH to optimize photocatalysis conditions. Acetaminophen photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 95.76 % was reached under optimized conditions of 10 mg/L ACT concentration, pH 6.8, 2 g/L catalyst dosage, and 180 min of sun irradiation. The elimination percentage of total organic carbon was determined to be 68.43 %, which was an improvement over employing bare zeolite, CuS, and CuWO₄ individually. Furthermore, even after the sixth cycle of acetaminophen photodegradation, the synthesized composite demonstrated outstanding reusability, with a photodegradation efficiency of 61.46 %.

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引用次数: 0

Experimental investigation of wind pressures on photovoltaic (PV) array mounted on a hilly terrain

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.113256

Jianfeng Yao , Zhibin Tu , Haiwei Xu

With the rapid expansion of solar power plants, suitable construction sites are being occupied rapidly, and hilly terrains are increasingly used for the development of solar power plants. Compared to rooftops and flat ground, wind filed on hilly terrain is more complex and can vary significantly from the bottom to top of a hill. Consequently, terrain interference must be considered when estimating the wind effects of hill-mounted PV panels, which complicates the estimation of design wind loads for PV power plants. Most previous studies have focused on wind effects on the ground- and roof-mounted PV panels, while limited attention has been given to conditions specific to hilly terrains. To address this gap, this study employed wind tunnel testing to investigate the wind load characteristics of the PV panel arrays mounted on the typical cosine-shaped hills. The effects of hill slope and ground clearance on aerodynamic characteristics were analyzed. The results show that hill slope significantly affects the wind loads on hill-mounted PV array; specifically, increasing the slope increases the positive and negative peak pressures on the panels at the hilltop by 19.0 % and 27.5 %, respectively. For PV panels on a hillside, an increase in ground clearance leads to higher peak wind pressures and wind suctions. This effect becomes more pronounced under steeper slopes. Accordingly, recommendations for peak net pressure coefficients for PV panel array with hill slopes of 15° and 30° were proposed, to facilitate a cost-effective and safe wind-resistant design of support structures.

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引用次数: 0

Pressure-induced modifications in the structural, thermodynamic, electronic, optical and mechanical attributes of CaTiF6 perovskite halide for optoelectronic applications 用于光电应用的 CaTiF6 卤化包晶的结构、热力学、电子、光学和机械属性的压力诱导变化

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2025-03-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.113360

Hudabia Murtaza , Junaid Munir , Quratul Ain , Abdullah S. Aldwayyan , Abdullah Ahmed Ali Ahmed , Saif M.H. Qaid

Pressure-induced bandgap engineering enables researchers to design semiconducting materials according to their desired specifications. The material’s electronic band structures can be conveniently changed by applying pressure. The current work investigates the physical traits of novel halide perovskite CaTiF₆ under the response of hydrostatic pressure using the first principles analysis. The hydrostatic pressure is applied from 0 to 16 GPa, which causes an increment in the lattice constant. The exchange–correlation effects are treated with mBJ. The structural properties elaborate that the material is geometrically and thermodynamically stable. With all applied pressures, the studied material shows a declining trend in the elastic modulus values but remains ductile and anisotropic. The elastic anisotropy of CaTiF₆ is studied via the ELATE software. With the application of pressure, the bandgap is decreased from 5.67 eV to 1.87 eV, as revealed through the electronic properties. According to a thorough examination of the optical characteristics under pressure, the material’s optical traits have shifted from the UV to the visible spectrum, which elaborates that the material can absorb and emit light at longer wavelengths because of its reduced bandgap, making this material relevant for optoelectronic devices.

{"title":"Pressure-induced modifications in the structural, thermodynamic, electronic, optical and mechanical attributes of CaTiF6 perovskite halide for optoelectronic applications","authors":"Hudabia Murtaza , Junaid Munir , Quratul Ain , Abdullah S. Aldwayyan , Abdullah Ahmed Ali Ahmed , Saif M.H. Qaid","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pressure-induced bandgap engineering enables researchers to design semiconducting materials according to their desired specifications. The material’s electronic band structures can be conveniently changed by applying pressure. The current work investigates the physical traits of novel halide perovskite CaTiF<sub>6</sub> under the response of hydrostatic pressure using the first principles analysis. The hydrostatic pressure is applied from 0 to 16 GPa, which causes an increment in the lattice constant. The exchange–correlation effects are treated with mBJ. The structural properties elaborate that the material is geometrically and thermodynamically stable. With all applied pressures, the studied material shows a declining trend in the elastic modulus values but remains ductile and anisotropic. The elastic anisotropy of CaTiF<sub>6</sub> is studied via the ELATE software. With the application of pressure, the bandgap is decreased from 5.67 eV to 1.87 eV, as revealed through the electronic properties. According to a thorough examination of the optical characteristics under pressure, the material’s optical traits have shifted from the UV to the visible spectrum, which elaborates that the material can absorb and emit light at longer wavelengths because of its reduced bandgap, making this material relevant for optoelectronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 113360"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Photovoltaic power forecasting model employing epoch-dependent adaptive loss weighting and data assimilation

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.113351

Siyuan Fan , Hua Geng , Hengqi Zhang , Jie Yang , Kaneko Hiroichi

Accurate prediction of photovoltaic (PV) power output is crucial for optimizing energy management systems and enhancing grid stability. This study presents the Physics Constrained PV Power Prediction Network (PC-P

^{3}

reNet), a dual-layer deep learning framework optimized for scenarios where local environmental data remain consistent while PV system characteristics vary. The framework integrates a physics-based model to calculate theoretical PV power outputs, which are then compared with actual measurements using the Huber Loss function. A unique feature of PC-P

^{3}

reNet is its adaptive loss weighting, which dynamically adjusts the balance between theoretical and measured data across different training epochs. This feature allows the model to initially leverage theoretical insights for learning and later refine its predictions based on measured data, effectively capturing both trends and variability. The model’s performance was evaluated using data from four PV stations in Australia. The model demonstrated superior performance in multi-step forecasting compared to other methods. It achieved a minimum mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.1837 at the No. 18 power station. The mean square error (MSE) improvement was 4.68% higher on average for the proposed model than the baseline method.

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引用次数: 0

Preliminary indicators for passive solar greenhouse design

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.113385

Gian Luca Brunetti

Preliminary passive solar greenhouse design can be supported by design indicators related to solar access, such as the Solar Aperture (SA) and the Solar Fraction (SF), assuming that net solar heat gains are proportional to net incoming solar radiation. However, since net solar heat gains also depend on thermal losses, SA and SF are effective only for comparing greenhouses with similar shapes and, consequently, similar thermal heat loss profiles. Currently, no design indicator exists that combines SA or SF with thermal loss considerations. To address this gap, this study introduces two new design indicators: the Passive Solar Performance Ratio (PSPR) and the Solar Gain-Loss Ratio (SGLR). These indicators integrate solar gains and thermal losses, enabling their application to a broader range of greenhouse shapes and design scenarios. Benchmarking the PSPR and SGLR against transient simulation results revealed their superior effectiveness in ranking design options by expected net solar heat gains compared to SA and SF. Replacing SA and SF with PSPR and SGLR in design explorations led to optimal solutions with reductions in degree days and thermal loads for heating and cooling ranging from 3% to 30%.

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引用次数: 0

Iterative solution of the current-voltage relationship in a four-diode solar cell model using the Lambert W equation

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.113390

Martin Calasan

This brief presents an iterative approach using the Lambert W equation to solve the current–voltage (I-V) dependence in a four-diode solar cell model. The model has been rigorously tested using two well-known solar panels from existing literature, demonstrating its efficiency in terms of the number of iterations required to achieve the desired level of accuracy. Additionally, a novel formula for calculating the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is proposed, improving prediction accuracy. The results underscore the significant innovation this research brings to the field of solar cell modeling and optimization.

引用次数: 0

The happy and proud serial adopter: Emotional influences on solar PV adoption in Germany

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.113352

Julia Loder

To reach global decarbonisation targets, renewable energy technologies such as solar PV need to substitute fossil fuel-powered technologies. Previous research has analysed mainly cognitive factors in the context of motivations for or barriers of PV adoption. Emotions, despite being part of human decision making in addition to cognitions, have rarely been considered. In analysing what affects residential PV adoption decisions, this study adds emotional to cognitive factors such as cost perceptions. Thereby, it addresses a research gap on emotions in sustainability transitions. Furthermore, building on a nascent stream of recent literature, this research considers spillover effects from having adopted other clean energy solutions, heat pumps and electric vehicles, on PV adoption. The study uses ordinary least squares regression analysis based on survey data collected in Germany (n = 1003) to investigate the roles of three variable groups: emotions, cost perceptions, and spillover effects. The results show that the emotions pride (β ≈ 0.2) and happiness (β ≈ 0.2) and the adoption of a heat pump (β ≈ 0.2) and an electric vehicle (β ≈ 0.3) are positively and statistically significantly related to PV adoption. Operating cost perceptions (β ≈ −0.1) are negatively connected to PV adoption. With these insights, the study highlights the importance of including emotional and spillover factors in the analysis of factors influencing PV adoption. These factors have thus far been mostly sidelined in innovation adoption models. Furthermore, the results doubting the effectiveness of acquisition cost-centred policy incentives hold important implications for policymakers.

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引用次数: 0

Heat losses in directly buried solar heat collection networks in high-altitude regions

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.113384

Hongsen Chen , Baichao Wang , Cong Song , Dengjia Wang , Yanfeng Liu

Due to the fluctuations in the medium temperature, the solar collector system (SCS) based on temperature difference control currently lacks a medium temperature value for accurately calculating the operational heat loss of directly buried solar heat collection pipelines. This research proposed a method for calculating heat loss utilizing an equivalent medium temperature (EMT). Initially, a computational model is established for assessing the heat loss of directly buried solar collector pipelines in Xizang plateau. Based on the primary factors influencing heat loss, the study investigated the temperature drop and operational heat loss patterns of directly buried solar heat collection pipelines. The ranges of regional equivalent medium temperature (REMT) and condition equivalent medium temperature (CEMT) were optimized using the gradient descent algorithm and heat loss calculation theory. The variations of REMT and CEMT with different regions and key heat loss factors were analyzed, and a CEMT association model was obtained. The EMT is highest in Lhasa and lowest in Gar, related to the ambient temperature for heating design and collector field operation time. For REMT, Lhasa ranges from 50.4 °C to 52.8 °C, and Gar from 31.1 °C to 33.4 °C. CEMT decreases with increasing flow rate coefficient and nominal diameter, ranging in Lhasa from 77.1 °C to 35.5 °C, and in Gar from 54.9 °C to 18.5 °C. The study aims to provide fundamental data and theoretical support for heat loss calculation and designing the insulation thickness of directly buried solar heat collection pipelines in high-altitude regions.

{"title":"Heat losses in directly buried solar heat collection networks in high-altitude regions","authors":"Hongsen Chen , Baichao Wang , Cong Song , Dengjia Wang , Yanfeng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the fluctuations in the medium temperature, the solar collector system (SCS) based on temperature difference control currently lacks a medium temperature value for accurately calculating the operational heat loss of directly buried solar heat collection pipelines. This research proposed a method for calculating heat loss utilizing an equivalent medium temperature (EMT). Initially, a computational model is established for assessing the heat loss of directly buried solar collector pipelines in Xizang plateau. Based on the primary factors influencing heat loss, the study investigated the temperature drop and operational heat loss patterns of directly buried solar heat collection pipelines. The ranges of regional equivalent medium temperature (REMT) and condition equivalent medium temperature (CEMT) were optimized using the gradient descent algorithm and heat loss calculation theory. The variations of REMT and CEMT with different regions and key heat loss factors were analyzed, and a CEMT association model was obtained. The EMT is highest in Lhasa and lowest in Gar, related to the ambient temperature for heating design and collector field operation time. For REMT, Lhasa ranges from 50.4 °C to 52.8 °C, and Gar from 31.1 °C to 33.4 °C. CEMT decreases with increasing flow rate coefficient and nominal diameter, ranging in Lhasa from 77.1 °C to 35.5 °C, and in Gar from 54.9 °C to 18.5 °C. The study aims to provide fundamental data and theoretical support for heat loss calculation and designing the insulation thickness of directly buried solar heat collection pipelines in high-altitude regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 113384"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advancing the Net Zero emission building concept: Integrating photovoltaics and electrical storage for NZEB environmental performance in different energy and climate contexts

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.113331

Mohamed Oualid Mghazli , Myriam Bahrar , Mouatassim Charai , Nouzha Lamdouar , Mohamed El Mankibi

Net Zero Energy Building (NZEB) standards are instrumental to drive sustainable construction and climate resilience. However, most analysis focus on the operational phase, overlooking embodied impacts from materials, construction, and end-of-life processes. This study addresses this gap by using a life cycle approach to evaluate NZEB environmental impacts in two contrasting grid and climate contexts. A calibrated building energy simulation and life cycle assessment (LCA) were used to compare three configurations: a base case without renewables, PV integration, and PV with Battery Storage System (BSS) integration.

The study revealed significant context-specific differences. In Benguerir, PV integration reduced the climate change impact by 31 % (avoiding 2727 Kg.Co2eq/Year), and adding BSS further reduced it by 51 % (avoiding 4941 Kg.Co2eq/Year), achieving environmental payback in 39 and 26 years, respectively. Conversely, in Lyon, PV integration increased the climate change impact by 20 % (adding 370 Kg.Co2eq/Year), and adding BSS raised it by 50 % (adding 929 Kg.Co2eq/Year), as the renewable energy generated did not compensate for the embodied impacts. The findings demonstrate that grid context and climatic conditions significantly influence the sustainability performance of the same building, highlighting the importance of context-specific strategies for renewable energy integration and building design.

{"title":"Advancing the Net Zero emission building concept: Integrating photovoltaics and electrical storage for NZEB environmental performance in different energy and climate contexts","authors":"Mohamed Oualid Mghazli , Myriam Bahrar , Mouatassim Charai , Nouzha Lamdouar , Mohamed El Mankibi","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Net Zero Energy Building (NZEB) standards are instrumental to drive sustainable construction and climate resilience. However, most analysis focus on the operational phase, overlooking embodied impacts from materials, construction, and end-of-life processes. This study addresses this gap by using a life cycle approach to evaluate NZEB environmental impacts in two contrasting grid and climate contexts. A calibrated building energy simulation and life cycle assessment (LCA) were used to compare three configurations: a base case without renewables, PV integration, and PV with Battery Storage System (BSS) integration.</div><div>The study revealed significant context-specific differences. In Benguerir, PV integration reduced the climate change impact by 31 % (avoiding 2727 Kg.Co2eq/Year), and adding BSS further reduced it by 51 % (avoiding 4941 Kg.Co2eq/Year), achieving environmental payback in 39 and 26 years, respectively. Conversely, in Lyon, PV integration increased the climate change impact by 20 % (adding 370 Kg.Co2eq/Year), and adding BSS raised it by 50 % (adding 929 Kg.Co2eq/Year), as the renewable energy generated did not compensate for the embodied impacts. The findings demonstrate that grid context and climatic conditions significantly influence the sustainability performance of the same building, highlighting the importance of context-specific strategies for renewable energy integration and building design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 113331"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Single- and multi-facet variable-focus adaptive-optics heliostats: A review

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.113339

Ismail Loghmari, Kypros Milidonis, Wojciech Lipiński, Costas N. Papanicolas

The heliostat field is a critical component in the solar energy harnessing process of concentrated solar thermal (CST) central tower systems, which typically represents approximately 45% of the total capital cost of commercial plants. In commercial CST central tower systems, the heliostat field is composed of thousands of heliostats incorporating precision-engineered mirrors, which direct sunlight towards a central receiver. Typically, the mirrors maintain a fixed geometry, usually of parabolic shape, during the sun-tracking process, which is optimized to maximize the annual optical performance. However, such a design leads to subdaily energy losses stemming from alterations of the mirror geometry and from astigmatism errors. To achieve and maintain peak optical efficiency throughout the day, the adoption of variable-shape heliostats emerges as a promising solution. This review assesses the current state-of-the-art, the challenges, and the emerging trends and future directions for two types of heliostat technologies, the single facet and the multifaceted variable-focus adaptive optics heliostats. Single-facet heliostats have shown promise due to their simplified design and lower costs compared to multifaceted heliostats. However, achieving precise tracking and focusing remains a significant challenge, particularly in large-scale applications. In contrast, multifaceted heliostats provide superior accuracy and optical performance but are associated with increased design and operational complexity. While these technologies are still under development, advancements in design, materials, control systems, and tracking mechanisms highlight promising trends for the future.

{"title":"Single- and multi-facet variable-focus adaptive-optics heliostats: A review","authors":"Ismail Loghmari, Kypros Milidonis, Wojciech Lipiński, Costas N. Papanicolas","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The heliostat field is a critical component in the solar energy harnessing process of concentrated solar thermal (CST) central tower systems, which typically represents approximately 45% of the total capital cost of commercial plants. In commercial CST central tower systems, the heliostat field is composed of thousands of heliostats incorporating precision-engineered mirrors, which direct sunlight towards a central receiver. Typically, the mirrors maintain a fixed geometry, usually of parabolic shape, during the sun-tracking process, which is optimized to maximize the annual optical performance. However, such a design leads to subdaily energy losses stemming from alterations of the mirror geometry and from astigmatism errors. To achieve and maintain peak optical efficiency throughout the day, the adoption of variable-shape heliostats emerges as a promising solution. This review assesses the current state-of-the-art, the challenges, and the emerging trends and future directions for two types of heliostat technologies, the single facet and the multifaceted variable-focus adaptive optics heliostats. Single-facet heliostats have shown promise due to their simplified design and lower costs compared to multifaceted heliostats. However, achieving precise tracking and focusing remains a significant challenge, particularly in large-scale applications. In contrast, multifaceted heliostats provide superior accuracy and optical performance but are associated with increased design and operational complexity. While these technologies are still under development, advancements in design, materials, control systems, and tracking mechanisms highlight promising trends for the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 113339"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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