Optimising fast-charging infrastructure for long-haul electric trucks in remote regions under adverse climate conditions

Abstract

This study proposes a novel methodology for planning fast-charging infrastructure for long-haul battery-electric trucks (BETs) in low-traffic flow regions. The research addresses the challenge of early-stage charging infrastructure development and optimally locating fast-charging stations (FCS) in remote areas, with a focus on minimising routing time and ensuring reliability.

The proposed approach integrates a vehicle energy consumption, a non-linear charging optimisation framework, and a queueing model to design an efficient fast-charging station network in Iceland's Reykjavík-Westfjords freight routes under harsh climate and freight conditions.

Findings indicate that larger batteries and higher charging rates significantly reduce additional routing times. Trucks with 540 kWh battery capacity using 500 kW chargers require minimal extra time, averaging 25 min, while trucks with 360 kWh batteries and 350 kW charging rates experience longer delays, averaging 83 min. These results highlight the impact of battery capacity and charging power on route electrification feasibility and suggest potential alignment with freight schedules.

This study provides valuable insights for policymakers and fleet operators to guide fast-charging infrastructure development and prioritise investments, contributing to the broader goal of freight transport electrification. Future research should investigate the potential impact of the derived charging loads on the power grid.