Bio-mimicry in the aerodynamics of small horizontal axis wind turbines

Abstract

Small horizontal-axis wind turbines play a crucial role in revolutionizing distributed energy systems by providing localized renewable power generation, enhancing energy security, reducing reliance on centralized power grids, and promoting sustainability in energy production. However, their efficiency is often constrained by significant aerodynamic challenges. This review examines the latest advancements in bio-inspired aerodynamic techniques and their potential in overcoming these challenges. Biomimetics — an interdisciplinary approach that applies biological principles to engineering problems — offers promising solutions for aerodynamic challenges. By integrating design elements inspired by plants, insects, birds, and marine life, researchers have demonstrated potential improvements in key areas such as drag reduction, lift enhancement, stall delay, and overall aerodynamic efficiency. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of these biomimetic strategies, with a particular focus on their application to the blade design of small horizontal axis wind turbines. Moreover, by identifying current advancements in parallel with existing research gaps, this review emphasizes the need for further validation and optimization in bio-inspired blade design. The insights presented aim to contribute to the development of more efficient and sustainable small wind turbines, in response to the growing global demand for distributed renewable energy solutions.