Lump soliton, and overtaking collision between lump and single as well as double solitons in an unmagnetized collisionless relativistic plasma

Abstract

The nonlinear propagation of ion acoustic lump solitary waves in a (2+1)-dimensional relativistic plasma, consisting of q-distributed electrons, positrons, and relativistic ion fluids, is investigated. Using the reductive perturbation method, we derive a nonlinear Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation (KPE) that governs the behavior of isolated lump solitons and their interactions with collisional structures, including both single and multi-solitons. The Hirota bilinear method is employed to find lump soliton solutions of the KPE, which describe the nonlinear propagation characteristics. We examine interaction scenarios between individual lump solutions and one or two soliton solutions, exploring quadratic, exponential, and hyperbolic functions. By varying the relevant parameters, we analyze the propagation properties of these ion acoustic wave structures, incorporating the Lorentz relativistic streaming factor up to 21 terms.