Upgrading Fischer-Tropsch waxes to produce transport fuels by catalytic hydrocracking/isomerization: A review

IF 16.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI:10.1016/j.rser.2025.115633

Alejandro Ayala-Cortés, Christian Di Stasi, Daniel Torres, José Luis Pinilla, Isabel Suelves

{"title":"Upgrading Fischer-Tropsch waxes to produce transport fuels by catalytic hydrocracking/isomerization: A review","authors":"Alejandro Ayala-Cortés, Christian Di Stasi, Daniel Torres, José Luis Pinilla, Isabel Suelves","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2025.115633","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interest in using the Fischer-Trospch (FT) process to produce liquid fuels has greatly increased over the last 40 years. Many studies have analyzed several aspects related to the chemistry of the process, product distribution and kinetic models, along with the different catalysts and reactor prototypes, to improve the yield of the most valuable products, such as gasoline, diesel and jet fuel. Considering the reaction mechanism, heavy waxes with C<sub>n</sub> > 20 result to be inevitable products of FT synthesis. These hydrocarbons can represent up to 50 wt% of the total reactor output, notably lowering the yield of desired products. Although FT waxes have their own market sector, upgrading this product can also lead to fuels such as gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel, depending on current demand. This review analyzes the developments in upgrading FT waxes to produce transportation fuels by catalytic hydrocracking/isomerization, as well as the challenges facing current technologies and processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":418,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 115633"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews","FirstCategoryId":"1","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032125003065","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENERGY & FUELS","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

The interest in using the Fischer-Trospch (FT) process to produce liquid fuels has greatly increased over the last 40 years. Many studies have analyzed several aspects related to the chemistry of the process, product distribution and kinetic models, along with the different catalysts and reactor prototypes, to improve the yield of the most valuable products, such as gasoline, diesel and jet fuel. Considering the reaction mechanism, heavy waxes with C_n > 20 result to be inevitable products of FT synthesis. These hydrocarbons can represent up to 50 wt% of the total reactor output, notably lowering the yield of desired products. Although FT waxes have their own market sector, upgrading this product can also lead to fuels such as gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel, depending on current demand. This review analyzes the developments in upgrading FT waxes to produce transportation fuels by catalytic hydrocracking/isomerization, as well as the challenges facing current technologies and processes.

查看原文

微信好友朋友圈 QQ好友复制链接

本刊更多论文

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文去求助

来源期刊

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 工程技术-能源与燃料

CiteScore

31.20

自引率

5.70%

发文量

1055

审稿时长

62 days

期刊介绍： The mission of Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews is to disseminate the most compelling and pertinent critical insights in renewable and sustainable energy, fostering collaboration among the research community, private sector, and policy and decision makers. The journal aims to exchange challenges, solutions, innovative concepts, and technologies, contributing to sustainable development, the transition to a low-carbon future, and the attainment of emissions targets outlined by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews publishes a diverse range of content, including review papers, original research, case studies, and analyses of new technologies, all featuring a substantial review component such as critique, comparison, or analysis. Introducing a distinctive paper type, Expert Insights, the journal presents commissioned mini-reviews authored by field leaders, addressing topics of significant interest. Case studies undergo consideration only if they showcase the work's applicability to other regions or contribute valuable insights to the broader field of renewable and sustainable energy. Notably, a bibliographic or literature review lacking critical analysis is deemed unsuitable for publication.