Upcycling Ceramic Industrial and Local Plastic Waste into Alternative Construction Materials Focusing on Performance and Material Utilization

Abstract

The accumulation of plastic and industrial waste presents significant environmental challenges. This study explores the upcycling of polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) from local plastic waste sources, along with ceramic waste (CW) and gypsum plaster waste (GPW) from the ceramic industry, into alternative construction materials. Fifty-two formulations were developed and evaluated for their physical and mechanical properties. Formulations with 90% industrial waste achieved compressive strengths of 15–20 MPa, bulk densities of 1.4–1.7 g/cm³, and water absorption rates of 3–6%, demonstrating structural viability. Acid resistance tests indicated minimal weight loss, confirming chemical durability. Regression analysis revealed a strong correlation between compressive strength and bulk density (R² = 0.57 for PET composites). A cost analysis estimated production costs at 619–633 THB per square meter, indicating economic feasibility. These results demonstrate the feasibility of repurposing ceramic and plastic waste into durable, low-cost construction materials, demonstrating material efficiency and potential for waste utilization.