Heavy metals content in whitespotted eagle ray (Aetobatus narinari, Myliobatidae) and health risk assessment for consumers in the southern gulf of Mexico

Abstract

In the Yucatán Peninsula (Gulf of Mexico and Mexican Caribbean), the Whitespotted Eagle Ray (WSER) is traditionally fished and consumed by local communities as a primary source of fish protein. This study aims to evaluate the concentrations of heavy metals in muscle samples of WSER collected from artisanal fisheries in Campeche and Quintana Roo. The predominant metal distribution observed was As > Ni > Cr > Pb > Cd. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in Pb, Ni, Cr, and Cd concentrations between the two locations, with Campeche exhibiting the highest levels. Our findings indicate that WSER can accumulate substantial amounts of heavy metals, particularly arsenic. The elevated concentrations of heavy metals not only pose serious health risks to individuals consuming WSER—known to adversely affect hormonal functions and the nervous system in marine species—but also raise significant conservation concerns. These health risks to human consumers highlight the urgent need for public awareness regarding the potential contamination of local seafood. Furthermore, the impact of heavy metal accumulation on WSER populations threatens their sustainability, underscoring the dual significance of our findings for both public health and conservation efforts. Addressing these issues is crucial for protecting marine biodiversity and safeguarding the health of local communities.