The efficiency of activities of daily living (ADLs) skills in late adulthood: A mediational approach.

IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Applied Neuropsychology-Adult Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2022-08-18 DOI:10.1080/23279095.2022.2111261
Maria Chiara Fastame, Ilaria Mulas, Valeria Putzu, Gesuina Asoni, Daniela Viale, Irene Mameli, Massimiliano Pau
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Abstract

The term "Activities of Daily Living" (ADLs) refers to a set of fundamental tasks (i.e., toileting, bathing, personal care, eating, grooming, and getting dressed) considered necessary for living and being autonomous in everyday life. Although in the clinical setting ADLs efficiency is a marker to diagnose dementia, limited evidence on the mechanism implicating muscular function and cognitive alterations in ADLs skills in late adulthood exists. This study primarily intended to determine the extent to which executive functions mediate between muscular strength, as assessed through handgrip strength (HGS) measurement, and ADLs skills of older community-dwellers. A further goal was to explore the impact of gender and cognitive status on ADLs and HGS scores, using education as a covariate. Three hundred and thirty-four older participants, 199 females and 135 males (Mage = 77.5 years, SD = 5.6 years, age range = 63-93 years) completed a battery of tests assessing ADLs, HGS, and executive functions. The results showed that 34-56% of the variance in the ADLs condition was explained by HGS and executive functioning. Furthermore, cognitively healthy participants exhibited better ADLs skills, whereas cognitively impaired individuals, both males and females, exhibited poorer HGS efficiency. In conclusion, in clinical settings, the concurrent evaluation of ADLs skills, motor, and higher-order cognitive processes should be encouraged to detect individuals needing a person-tailored intervention to boost their quality of life.

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晚年日常生活活动(ADLs)技能的效率:中介方法。
日常生活活动"(ADLs)指的是一系列被认为是日常生活和自主生活所必需的基本任务(即如厕、洗澡、个人护理、进食、梳洗和穿衣)。虽然在临床环境中,ADLs 效率是诊断痴呆症的一个标志,但有关成年晚期肌肉功能和认知改变对 ADLs 技能的影响机制的证据却很有限。本研究的主要目的是确定通过测量手握力(HGS)评估的肌肉力量与社区老年人的日常活动技能之间的执行功能的中介作用。另一个目标是以教育程度作为协变量,探讨性别和认知状况对日常活动能力和 HGS 分数的影响。334 名老年参与者(199 名女性和 135 名男性,平均年龄为 77.5 岁,标准差为 5.6 岁,年龄范围为 63-93 岁)完成了一系列评估日常活动能力、健康保健和执行功能的测试。结果显示,34%-56% 的 ADLs 条件变异是由 HGS 和执行功能解释的。此外,认知能力健康的参与者表现出更好的 ADLs 技能,而认知能力受损的男性和女性则表现出更差的 HGS 效率。总之,在临床环境中,应鼓励同时评估ADLs技能、运动和高阶认知过程,以发现需要进行因人而异干预的个体,从而提高他们的生活质量。
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来源期刊
Applied Neuropsychology-Adult
Applied Neuropsychology-Adult CLINICAL NEUROLOGY-PSYCHOLOGY
自引率
11.80%
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0
审稿时长
>12 weeks
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