Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2022-11-22DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2147837
Soo-Yong Park, Nadja Schott
Since Parkinson's disease (PD) is a heterogeneous disorder with symptoms, such as tremors, gait and speech disturbances, or memory loss, individualized diagnostics are needed to optimize treatment. In their current form, the typical paper-pencil methods traditionally used to track disease progression are too coarse to capture the subtleties of clinical phenomena. For this reason, digital biomarkers that capture, for example, motor function, cognition, and behavior using apps, wearables, and tracking systems are becoming increasingly established. However, given the high prevalence of cognitive impairment in PD, digital cognitive biomarkers to predict mental progression are important in clinical practice. This pilot study aimed to identify those components of our digital version of the TMT (dTMT) that allow discrimination between PD patients with and without cognitive deficits. A total of 30 healthy control (age 66.3 ± 8.61) and 30 participants with PD (age 68.3 ± 9.66) performed the dTMT using a touch-sensitive tablet to capture enhanced performance metrics, such as the speed between and inside circles. The decomposition of cognitive abilities based on integrating additional variables in the dTMT revealed that the Parkinson's disease group was significantly more sensitive to parameters of inhibitory control. In contrast, the mild cognitive impairment group was sensitive to parameters of cognitive flexibility and working memory. The dTMT allows objective, ecologically valid, and long-term cognitive and fine-motor performance tracking, suggesting its potential as a digital biomarker in neurodegenerative disorders.
{"title":"Which motor-cognitive abilities underlie the digital Trail-Making Test? Decomposing various test scores to detect cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease-Pilot study.","authors":"Soo-Yong Park, Nadja Schott","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2147837","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2147837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since Parkinson's disease (PD) is a heterogeneous disorder with symptoms, such as tremors, gait and speech disturbances, or memory loss, individualized diagnostics are needed to optimize treatment. In their current form, the typical paper-pencil methods traditionally used to track disease progression are too coarse to capture the subtleties of clinical phenomena. For this reason, digital biomarkers that capture, for example, motor function, cognition, and behavior using apps, wearables, and tracking systems are becoming increasingly established. However, given the high prevalence of cognitive impairment in PD, digital cognitive biomarkers to predict mental progression are important in clinical practice. This pilot study aimed to identify those components of our digital version of the TMT (dTMT) that allow discrimination between PD patients with and without cognitive deficits. A total of 30 healthy control (age 66.3 ± 8.61) and 30 participants with PD (age 68.3 ± 9.66) performed the dTMT using a touch-sensitive tablet to capture enhanced performance metrics, such as the speed between and inside circles. The decomposition of cognitive abilities based on integrating additional variables in the dTMT revealed that the Parkinson's disease group was significantly more sensitive to parameters of inhibitory control. In contrast, the mild cognitive impairment group was sensitive to parameters of cognitive flexibility and working memory. The dTMT allows objective, ecologically valid, and long-term cognitive and fine-motor performance tracking, suggesting its potential as a digital biomarker in neurodegenerative disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":50741,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"60-74"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40489256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2022-10-04DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2130319
Anas R Alashram, Giuseppe Annino, Elvira Padua
Cognitive deficits are one of the most common impairments after stroke. It negatively affects physical and social functioning. Rehabilitation interventions for cognitive deficits post-stroke have taken less consideration. The present study aimed to provide an overview of the effects of various rehabilitation interventions on cognitive functions in patients with stroke. PUBMED, SCOPUS, PEDro, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and REHABDATA were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of rehabilitation interventions on cognitive domains poststroke until August 2021. The methodological quality of the selected studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration tool, and the effect sizes were calculated. Forty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 3561 individuals with stroke, 57.60% of whom were males. The mean age for all participants was 65.48 years. Eighteen RCTs were high, moderate (n = 17), and low methodological quality (n = 9). The results showed evidence for the beneficial effects of many rehabilitation interventions on cognition in individuals with stroke. Rehabilitation plays a crucial role in improving cognitive functions in stroke patients with mild cognitive deficits. Virtual reality (VR), computer-based cognitive rehabilitation (CBCR), and non-aerobic exercises may promote cognitive functions in patients with stroke.
{"title":"Rehabilitation interventions for cognitive deficits in stroke survivors: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Anas R Alashram, Giuseppe Annino, Elvira Padua","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2130319","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2130319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive deficits are one of the most common impairments after stroke. It negatively affects physical and social functioning. Rehabilitation interventions for cognitive deficits post-stroke have taken less consideration. The present study aimed to provide an overview of the effects of various rehabilitation interventions on cognitive functions in patients with stroke. PUBMED, SCOPUS, PEDro, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and REHABDATA were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of rehabilitation interventions on cognitive domains poststroke until August 2021. The methodological quality of the selected studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration tool, and the effect sizes were calculated. Forty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 3561 individuals with stroke, 57.60% of whom were males. The mean age for all participants was 65.48 years. Eighteen RCTs were high, moderate (<i>n</i> = 17), and low methodological quality (<i>n</i> = 9). The results showed evidence for the beneficial effects of many rehabilitation interventions on cognition in individuals with stroke. Rehabilitation plays a crucial role in improving cognitive functions in stroke patients with mild cognitive deficits. Virtual reality (VR), computer-based cognitive rehabilitation (CBCR), and non-aerobic exercises may promote cognitive functions in patients with stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":50741,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"262-288"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33487665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2022-11-21DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2147432
Élodie Marois, Sylvie Belleville, Olivier Potvin, Joël Macoir, Carol Hudon
Objective: The story recall subtest of the Batterie d'Efficience Mnésique (BEM-144) is a verbal episodic memory test that assesses immediate and episodic memory. Variables such as age, sex, and education level can impact performance on this type of memory test, as can cultural differences. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to establish normative data for the story recall subtest of the BEM-144 in the elderly French-Quebec population.
Method: The normative sample consisted of 260 healthy individuals aged 50-90 years, all from the province of Quebec, Canada. Analyses were performed to estimate the association between age, sex, and education level on one hand, and immediate and delayed recall performance, on the other hand.
Results: The results show that all sociodemographic variables are significantly associated with story recall performance. Normative data are proposed in the form of regression equations.
Conclusions: Overall, these norms will be beneficial for the evaluation and detection of episodic memory impairment in middle-aged and older adults.
{"title":"Normative data for the story recall subtest of the BEM-144 in the Quebec-French population aged 50 years and over.","authors":"Élodie Marois, Sylvie Belleville, Olivier Potvin, Joël Macoir, Carol Hudon","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2147432","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2147432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The story recall subtest of the <i>Batterie d'Efficience Mnésique</i> (BEM-144) is a verbal episodic memory test that assesses immediate and episodic memory. Variables such as age, sex, and education level can impact performance on this type of memory test, as can cultural differences. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to establish normative data for the story recall subtest of the BEM-144 in the elderly French-Quebec population.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The normative sample consisted of 260 healthy individuals aged 50-90 years, all from the province of Quebec, Canada. Analyses were performed to estimate the association between age, sex, and education level on one hand, and immediate and delayed recall performance, on the other hand.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results show that all sociodemographic variables are significantly associated with story recall performance. Normative data are proposed in the form of regression equations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, these norms will be beneficial for the evaluation and detection of episodic memory impairment in middle-aged and older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":50741,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"54-59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40699791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2022-11-21DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2146506
Bonnie M Scott, Robert S Eisinger, Amtul-Noor Rana, Jared F Benge, Robin C Hilsabeck, Michael S Okun, Aysegul Gunduz, Dawn Bowers
Introduction: Apathy and impulse control disorders (ICD) are common comorbid motivational syndromes in Parkinson disease (PD). This study aimed to determine if patients with these motivational disturbances exhibit different patterns of anhedonia and trait impulsivity.
Methods: Sixty-four non-demented patients with PD completed questionnaires assessing apathy and ICD symptoms, which were used to classify participants into one of the following groups: apathy only, ICD only, both, and neither. Participants also completed multidimensional measures of anhedonia and trait impulsivity, which were compared across groups defined by motivational status.
Results: Individuals with both apathy and ICD had significantly greater symptoms of positive and negative urgency than all other groups and had significantly greater consummatory anhedonia and lack of premeditation and perseverance than those with ICD only and neither. Patients with apathy only also reported significantly greater anticipatory anhedonia than those with ICD only and the neither group. There were no significant between-group differences in sensation seeking.
Conclusion: Distinct patterns of impulsivity and anhedonia characterize unique behavioral phenotypes of motivational disturbances in PD and may reflect important differences in the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. Clinicians should be aware that motivational disturbances may be more severe in cases where apathy co-occurs with one or more ICD.
{"title":"From pleasure to punding: Distinct patterns of anhedonia and impulsivity linked to motivational disturbances in Parkinson disease.","authors":"Bonnie M Scott, Robert S Eisinger, Amtul-Noor Rana, Jared F Benge, Robin C Hilsabeck, Michael S Okun, Aysegul Gunduz, Dawn Bowers","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2146506","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2146506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Apathy and impulse control disorders (ICD) are common comorbid motivational syndromes in Parkinson disease (PD). This study aimed to determine if patients with these motivational disturbances exhibit different patterns of anhedonia and trait impulsivity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-four non-demented patients with PD completed questionnaires assessing apathy and ICD symptoms, which were used to classify participants into one of the following groups: apathy only, ICD only, both, and neither. Participants also completed multidimensional measures of anhedonia and trait impulsivity, which were compared across groups defined by motivational status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals with both apathy and ICD had significantly greater symptoms of positive and negative urgency than all other groups and had significantly greater consummatory anhedonia and lack of premeditation and perseverance than those with ICD only and neither. Patients with apathy only also reported significantly greater anticipatory anhedonia than those with ICD only and the neither group. There were no significant between-group differences in sensation seeking.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Distinct patterns of impulsivity and anhedonia characterize unique behavioral phenotypes of motivational disturbances in PD and may reflect important differences in the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. Clinicians should be aware that motivational disturbances may be more severe in cases where apathy co-occurs with one or more ICD.</p>","PeriodicalId":50741,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"40-45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40480321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2022-12-02DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2150973
Ariela Gigi, Merav Papirovitz
Successful social interaction depends (among others) on one's ability to understand other people's emotional states (known as "affective-Theory-of-Mind"; aToM). A decline in this ability could be associated with changes in awareness with age. Awareness can be estimated by comparing one's subjective and objective abilities. Here we explored the sequence of changes in aToM with age, with reference to objective and subjective capacities. One hundred and eight participants were divided into three age groups: young (18-39), adults (60-69), and elders' group (70-86). Objective aToM performance was assessed using the Frith-Happé animation task (including meaningful and meaningless interactions). The subjective performance was evaluated by a Short Subjective ToM Questionnaire (sToM10). The results in the animation task showed reduction in the ability to correctly categorize meaningless interaction among the adult participants (compared to young) and a further decrease in the ability to correctly categorize meaningful interactions among the elderly participants (compared to young participants). Subjective aToM results revealed that while older participants reported a reduction in general ability to infer feelings in others, they could not report a decrease in their ability to recognize specific feelings. Our results may indicate a unique characteristic of aToM decline, which may start in adults (60-69; only reflected when the social demands are high) and further aggravates as people grow older (70th and above). In addition, results of the self-report questionnaire may indicate that while the elders are fully aware of their general decline in aToM ability, awareness of their capability to identify specific emotions is impaired.
成功的社会交往(除其他外)取决于一个人理解他人情绪状态的能力(即 "情感-心理理论";aToM)。这种能力的下降可能与年龄增长带来的意识变化有关。意识可以通过比较一个人的主观能力和客观能力来估算。在此,我们参照客观和主观能力,探讨了 aToM 随年龄变化的顺序。188 名参与者被分为三个年龄组:青年组(18-39 岁)、成人组(60-69 岁)和老年组(70-86 岁)。客观的 aToM 能力通过 Frith-Happé 动画任务(包括有意义和无意义的互动)进行评估。主观表现通过主观 ToM 问卷 (sToM10) 进行评估。动画任务的结果显示,成年参与者(与年轻人相比)正确分类无意义互动的能力有所下降,老年参与者(与年轻人相比)正确分类有意义互动的能力进一步下降。主观情感体验结果显示,虽然老年参与者推断他人情感的一般能力有所下降,但他们识别具体情感的能力却没有下降。我们的结果可能表明了一种独特的 "推理能力 "下降特征,这种下降可能从成年人(60-69 岁;只有在社会需求较高时才会反映出来)开始,并随着年龄的增长(70 岁及以上)而进一步加剧。此外,自我报告问卷的结果可能表明,虽然老年人完全意识到了自己在 aToM 能力方面的普遍衰退,但对自己识别特定情绪能力的意识却受到了损害。
{"title":"Theory of mind in older adults: the nature of the decline.","authors":"Ariela Gigi, Merav Papirovitz","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2150973","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2150973","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Successful social interaction depends (among others) on one's ability to understand other people's emotional states (known as \"affective-Theory-of-Mind\"; aToM). A decline in this ability could be associated with changes in awareness with age. Awareness can be estimated by comparing one's subjective and objective abilities. Here we explored the sequence of changes in aToM with age, with reference to objective and subjective capacities. One hundred and eight participants were divided into three age groups: young (18-39), adults (60-69), and elders' group (70-86). Objective aToM performance was assessed using the Frith-Happé animation task (including meaningful and meaningless interactions). The subjective performance was evaluated by a Short Subjective ToM Questionnaire (sToM10). The results in the animation task showed reduction in the ability to correctly categorize meaningless interaction among the adult participants (compared to young) and a further decrease in the ability to correctly categorize meaningful interactions among the elderly participants (compared to young participants). Subjective aToM results revealed that while older participants reported a reduction in general ability to infer feelings in others, they could not report a decrease in their ability to recognize specific feelings. Our results may indicate a unique characteristic of aToM decline, which may start in adults (60-69; only reflected when the social demands are high) and further aggravates as people grow older (70th and above). In addition, results of the self-report questionnaire may indicate that while the elders are fully aware of their general decline in aToM ability, awareness of their capability to identify specific emotions is impaired.</p>","PeriodicalId":50741,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"92-97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40548101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: Patients with dementia show dissociations between musical semantic memory (i.e., spared musical lexicon) and other memory modalities, except in some severe cases. We aim to study, from a neuropsychological point of view, the dissociation between musical semantic memory compared to language and verbal memory in a patient with severe Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia (bvFTD). We hypothesize a single dissociation between these domains will be found, with sparing of musical semantic memory.
Methods: LC, a patient with severe bvFTD, and three matched controls were assessed through language, semantic, and episodic memory, and musical semantic memory tasks. The control group had similar music taste as LC: to participate as controls, tango must be one of their favorite musical genres.
Results: LC showed impairment in all Verbal Memory tasks, but not in musical tasks. There was a dissociation between musical semantic memory, and language and verbal semantic memory.
Conclusions: The musical lexicon can be preserved in advanced stages of dementia, which supports the idea that music can be a therapeutic tool in patients with severe dementia.
{"title":"Dissociations between musical semantic memory and verbal memory in a patient with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia.","authors":"Romina Tirigay, Julieta Moltrasio, Wanda Rubinstein","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2148105","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2148105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Patients with dementia show dissociations between musical semantic memory (i.e., spared musical lexicon) and other memory modalities, except in some severe cases. We aim to study, from a neuropsychological point of view, the dissociation between musical semantic memory compared to language and verbal memory in a patient with severe Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia (bvFTD). We hypothesize a single dissociation between these domains will be found, with sparing of musical semantic memory.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>LC, a patient with severe bvFTD, and three matched controls were assessed through language, semantic, and episodic memory, and musical semantic memory tasks. The control group had similar music taste as LC: to participate as controls, <i>tango</i> must be one of their favorite musical genres.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LC showed impairment in all Verbal Memory tasks, but not in musical tasks. There was a dissociation between musical semantic memory, and language and verbal semantic memory.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The musical lexicon can be preserved in advanced stages of dementia, which supports the idea that music can be a therapeutic tool in patients with severe dementia.</p>","PeriodicalId":50741,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"75-84"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40721121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2022-11-17DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2146505
Catherine E Campbell, Edward D Rossini, Mia S Johnson
The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV) added a new interpretative level by assigning the ten standard subtests into one of two constructs, the General Ability Index or the Cognitive Proficiency Index (CPI). The CPI, inferred to be a non-intellective measure of information processing efficiency, is composed of the two Working Memory Index and the two Processing Speed Index subtests (DS, AR, CD, SS). However, each index has one supplemental subtest that can be used in place of a standard one, thereby creating nine possible CPI tetrads, except for senior adults 70-90. Measuring the equivalence reliability of the nine alternate CPI tetrads was the aim of this study. Using the WAIS-IV standardization data, it was shown that all nine CPI tetrads have exceptionally high subtest equivalence reliability (.90+). For neuropsychological research purposes, all nine CPI constructions can be considered interchangeable, alternate-form measures of composite information processing efficiency. However, more research is needed to establish their accuracy for individual assessment, as well as to measure the other important reliability and predictive construct validity characteristics of the nine CPI tetrads.
{"title":"The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV Cognitive Proficiency Index: alternate form reliability of the nine possible subtest tetrads.","authors":"Catherine E Campbell, Edward D Rossini, Mia S Johnson","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2146505","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2146505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV) added a new interpretative level by assigning the ten standard subtests into one of two constructs, the General Ability Index or the Cognitive Proficiency Index (CPI). The CPI, inferred to be a non-intellective measure of information processing efficiency, is composed of the two Working Memory Index and the two Processing Speed Index subtests (DS, AR, CD, SS). However, each index has one supplemental subtest that can be used in place of a standard one, thereby creating nine possible CPI tetrads, except for senior adults 70-90. Measuring the equivalence reliability of the nine alternate CPI tetrads was the aim of this study. Using the WAIS-IV standardization data, it was shown that all nine CPI tetrads have exceptionally high subtest equivalence reliability (.90+). For neuropsychological research purposes, all nine CPI constructions can be considered interchangeable, alternate-form measures of composite information processing efficiency. However, more research is needed to establish their accuracy for individual assessment, as well as to measure the other important reliability and predictive construct validity characteristics of the nine CPI tetrads.</p>","PeriodicalId":50741,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"37-39"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40474849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2022-11-24DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2145892
Summer D Ott, Sukhnandan K Cheema, Alexa Ryder, Philip Schatz, Lorie A Gonzalez, Jecenia Duran, Paul E Schulz
This study examines CTE-related knowledge and information-seeking behaviors of caregivers of persons who are at high risk of CTE. Online survey responses were collected from 64 females, ages 18-74, who were married to former college, semiprofessional, or professional football players and were fluent in English. Ranging from 0 to 18, a score was calculated to represent level of CTE knowledge. Participants were classified into groups based on their spouse's reported symptoms and diagnosis. Approximately 87% of participants reported that their spouses have been diagnosed with a football-related concussion and were significantly more likely to seek out information from a healthcare provider, a scientific journal or article, and post/comment on social media compared to spouses of symptomatic/undiagnosed and non-symptomatic groups. Participants reported 77% of available information as probably true, with social media thought to be highly credible. Highest levels of dissatisfaction were reported for league-sponsored websites and physicians/healthcare providers. Although the majority of participants sought CTE related information on regular or social media, and the internet, information sources differed amongst the groups. These findings may help healthcare providers and organizations develop more effective health-related educational programs that will help the wives make informed decisions regarding care for their spouses with respect to CTE.
{"title":"Information seeking behaviors and attitudes of wives of former football players regarding chronic traumatic encephalopathy.","authors":"Summer D Ott, Sukhnandan K Cheema, Alexa Ryder, Philip Schatz, Lorie A Gonzalez, Jecenia Duran, Paul E Schulz","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2145892","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2145892","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines CTE-related knowledge and information-seeking behaviors of caregivers of persons who are at high risk of CTE. Online survey responses were collected from 64 females, ages 18-74, who were married to former college, semiprofessional, or professional football players and were fluent in English. Ranging from 0 to 18, a score was calculated to represent level of CTE knowledge. Participants were classified into groups based on their spouse's reported symptoms and diagnosis. Approximately 87% of participants reported that their spouses have been diagnosed with a football-related concussion and were significantly more likely to seek out information from a healthcare provider, a scientific journal or article, and post/comment on social media compared to spouses of symptomatic/undiagnosed and non-symptomatic groups. Participants reported 77% of available information as probably true, with social media thought to be highly credible. Highest levels of dissatisfaction were reported for league-sponsored websites and physicians/healthcare providers. Although the majority of participants sought CTE related information on regular or social media, and the internet, information sources differed amongst the groups. These findings may help healthcare providers and organizations develop more effective health-related educational programs that will help the wives make informed decisions regarding care for their spouses with respect to CTE.</p>","PeriodicalId":50741,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"20-27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40492418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01Epub Date: 2022-10-06DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2128356
Daniella Winter, Yoram Braw
Background: The availability of information regarding neuropsychological tests threatens their confidentiality. This concern may be particularly relevant to Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) considering its widespread online coverage. The present study explored simulators' online search strategies.
Method: Simulators (n = 39) searched for information before undergoing an evaluation which included performing a continuous performance test (CPT). Their search strategies were analyzed, and their performance was compared to that of ADHD patients (n = 36) and healthy controls (n = 38).
Results: Most simulators reached high-risk websites that provided written and video-based information regarding the test. Sixty percent, comprised mostly of 3rd-year students, reached Google Scholar. These students were also easier to detect as simulators. Common strategies included performing the CPT in accordance with typical ADHD symptoms and avoiding the endorsement of both unusual and stereotypical symptoms.
Conclusion: Simulators can access online information that contains key test data. Higher education may increase the ability to reach academic research while decreasing the ability to convincingly feign impairment. While additional research is needed to examine coaching effects on neuropsychological testing, the risk to test security that many websites pose should be acknowledged and steps, including ones taken by test publishers, should be undertaken to minimize it.
{"title":"Online search strategies utilized in feigning attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) while performing a continuous performance test (CPT).","authors":"Daniella Winter, Yoram Braw","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2128356","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2128356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The availability of information regarding neuropsychological tests threatens their confidentiality. This concern may be particularly relevant to Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) considering its widespread online coverage. The present study explored simulators' online search strategies.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Simulators (<i>n</i> = 39) searched for information before undergoing an evaluation which included performing a continuous performance test (CPT). Their search strategies were analyzed, and their performance was compared to that of ADHD patients (<i>n</i> = 36) and healthy controls (<i>n</i> = 38).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most simulators reached high-risk websites that provided written and video-based information regarding the test. Sixty percent, comprised mostly of 3rd-year students, reached Google Scholar. These students were also easier to detect as simulators. Common strategies included performing the CPT in accordance with typical ADHD symptoms and avoiding the endorsement of both unusual and stereotypical symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Simulators can access online information that contains key test data. Higher education may increase the ability to reach academic research while decreasing the ability to convincingly feign impairment. While additional research is needed to examine coaching effects on neuropsychological testing, the risk to test security that many websites pose should be acknowledged and steps, including ones taken by test publishers, should be undertaken to minimize it.</p>","PeriodicalId":50741,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1365-1374"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33491386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}