Noncontact Respiratory Motion Detection in Anesthetized Rodents.

Martin Donnelley, Lina Lagerquist, Patricia Cmielewski, Nikki Reyne, Kaye Morgan, David Parsons
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Abstract

Small animal physiology studies are often complicated, but the level of complexity is greatly increased when performing live-animal X-ray imaging studies at synchrotron radiation facilities. This is because these facilities are typically not designed specifically for biomedical research, and the animals and image detectors are located away from the researchers in a radiation enclosure. In respiratory X-ray imaging studies one challenge is the detection of respiration in free-breathing anaesthetised rodents, to enable images to be acquired at specific phases of the breath and for detecting changes in respiratory rate. We have previously used a Philtec RC60 sensor interfaced to a PowerLab data acquisition system and custom-designed timing hub to perform this task. Here we evaluated the Panasonic HL-G108 for respiratory sensing. The performance of the two sensors for accurate and reliable breath detection was directly compared using a single anesthetized rat. We also assessed how an infrared heat lamp used to maintain body temperature affected sensor performance. Based on positive results from these comparisons, the HL-G108 sensor was then used for respiratory motion detection in tracheal X-ray imaging studies of 21 rats at the SPring-8 Synchrotron, including its use for gated image acquisition. The results of that test were compared to a similar imaging study that used the RC60 for respiratory detection in 19 rats. Finally, the HL-G108 sensor was tested on 5 mice to determine its effectiveness on smaller species. The results showed that the HL-G108 is much more robust and easier to configure than the RC60 sensor and produces an analog signal that is amenable to stable peak detection. Furthermore, gated image acquisition produced sequences with substantially reduced motion artefacts, enabling the additional benefit of reduced radiation dose through the application of shuttering. Finally, the mouse experiments showed that the HL-G108 is equally capable of detecting respiration in this smaller species.

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麻醉啮齿动物的非接触性呼吸运动检测。
小型动物生理学研究通常很复杂,但在同步辐射设施中进行动物X射线成像研究时,复杂性会大大增加。这是因为这些设施通常不是专门为生物医学研究设计的,而且动物和图像探测器位于远离研究人员的辐射罩中。在呼吸X射线成像研究中,一个挑战是检测自由呼吸麻醉啮齿动物的呼吸,以使图像能够在呼吸的特定阶段获得,并检测呼吸频率的变化。我们之前曾使用与PowerLab数据采集系统接口的Philtec RC60传感器和定制设计的计时接口来执行此任务。在这里,我们评估了松下HL-G108的呼吸感应。使用一只麻醉大鼠直接比较了两种传感器在准确可靠的呼吸检测方面的性能。我们还评估了用于保持体温的红外加热灯如何影响传感器性能。基于这些比较的积极结果,HL-G108传感器随后在SPring-8同步加速器对21只大鼠的气管X射线成像研究中用于呼吸运动检测,包括用于门控图像采集。该试验的结果与一项类似的成像研究进行了比较,该研究使用RC60对19只大鼠进行呼吸检测。最后,HL-G108传感器在5mice上进行了测试,以确定其对较小物种的有效性。结果表明,HL-G108比RC60传感器更坚固、更易于配置,并产生可稳定峰值检测的模拟信号。此外,门控图像采集产生的序列具有显著减少的运动伪影,通过应用快门实现了减少辐射剂量的额外好处。最后,小鼠实验表明,HL-G108完全能够检测这种较小物种的呼吸。
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American Society of Laboratory Animal Practitioners Position Statement: Handling and Physical Restraint of Research Animals. American Society of Laboratory Animal Practitioners Position Statement: Definition of Animal Welfare. Effect of Novel High-fat Diet Feeding Methods on Food Wastage, Weight Gain, Hair Coat Grease Accumulation, and Scratching Behavior in C57BL/6NCrl Mice. Identification and Treatment of Fur Mites (Radfordia lemnina) in California Deer Mice (Peromyscus californicus) Using Selamectin. American Society of Laboratory Animal Practitioners Position Statement: Animal Care Principles.
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