Exploring Frontiers in Electronic Evidence: The Philippine Experience

Janice L. Andrade-Udarbe, C. Ballena
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Abstract

This paper is the first formal empirical study on electronic evidence (EE) since the promulgation of Rules on Electronic Evidence (REE) by the Philippine Supreme Court in 2001. A basic qualitative research design was employed in the study.  A total of 29 litigation lawyers and 13 trial judges from the Province of Cavite and the National Capital Region were the participants in the study. A qualitative survey questionnaire was used to gather data from the participants through Google Docs.  Results showed that EE was more commonly presented in criminal cases, a few in civil cases, and none in quasi-judicial and administrative cases.  Text messages were found to be the most frequently presented EE at trial.  Results further revealed three major themes such as (1) admissibility of EE, (2) authentication of EE, and (3) suggestions on the implementation of REE. The vagueness of REE provisions on the admissibility of electronic evidence results in varying interpretations of judges, which ultimately affect their appreciation of the evidence presented at a trial. The present empirical study would indeed contribute to the scholarly discourse of electronic evidence showcasing the Philippine experience. 
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探索电子证据的前沿:菲律宾的经验
本文是菲律宾最高法院于2001年颁布《电子证据规则》(Rules on electronic evidence, REE)以来首次对电子证据进行正式实证研究。本研究采用基本的定性研究设计。共有29名诉讼律师和13名审判法官来自Cavite省和国家首都地区参与了研究。采用质性调查问卷,通过谷歌Docs对参与者进行数据收集。结果表明,情感表达在刑事案件中较多出现,在民事案件中较少出现,在准司法和行政案件中无情感表达。在试验中发现短信是最常见的情感表达方式。结果进一步揭示了三个主要主题,即:(1)情感表达的可采性;(2)情感表达的认证;(3)情感表达的实施建议。《电子证据法》关于电子证据可采性的规定含糊不清,导致法官的解释各不相同,最终影响到他们对审判中提出的证据的理解。本实证研究确实有助于菲律宾经验电子证据的学术论述。
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发文量
25
审稿时长
12 weeks
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