Index-Based Spatiotemporal Assesment Of Water Quality In Tarbela Reservoir, Pakistan (1990−2020)

Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Geography, Environment, Sustainability Pub Date : 2023-01-18 DOI:10.24057/2071-9388-2022-077
N. Mazhar, Kanwal Javid, M. A. N. Akram, Amna Afzal, Kiran Hamayon, Adeel Ahmad
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Anthropogenic activities can greatly influence the lake ecosystems across the globe. Within these ecosystems, the impacts of human activities are most evident on sedimentation, light and nutrient availability, and disturbance frequency. There have been times of natural environmental healing of reservoirs and the present research aims to explore the variations in the water quality of Tarbela reservoir, Pakistan the largest rock-filled dam of the world, from 1990 to 2020. Landsat imagery (Landsat 4-5, 5, 7 and 8) was used to monitor Land Use Land Cover (LULC), Normalized Difference Chlorophyll Index (NDCI), Normalized Difference Turbidity Index (NDTI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) in Tarbela reservoir, and its surrounding area from 1990−2020, on decadal interval. The results indicated a significant increase in built-up area, of about 630 km2 , in the western and eastern parts of the reservoir, whereas turbidity level, revealed a substantial decline with 4% decrease observed in the last decade, 2010-2020 thus confirming improved water quality. The study also presented expanse in the spatial coverage of chlorophyll index and water index, indicating increase in residence time of the water. It is concluded that the water quality continued to deteriorate with time, however, 2020 was a year of environmental healing and there was an overall water quality improvement of the reservoir observed. The study recommends policies to be formulated for sediment flushing and turbidity reduction for longer time duration to enhance the life of this mega reservoir.
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基于指数的巴基斯坦Tarbela水库水质时空评估(1990−2020)
人为活动可以极大地影响全球的湖泊生态系统。在这些生态系统中,人类活动对沉积、光照和营养物质的可用性以及干扰频率的影响最为明显。水库曾经历过自然环境修复的时期,本研究旨在探索1990年至2020年巴基斯坦世界上最大的堆石坝Tarbela水库水质的变化。利用陆地卫星图像(陆地卫星4-5、5、7和8)对1990~2020年Tarbela水库及其周边地区的土地利用土地覆盖(LULC)、归一化差异叶绿素指数(NDCI)、归一化差浊度指数(NDTI)和归一化差水指数(NDWI)进行了年代际监测。结果表明,水库西部和东部的建成区面积显著增加,约630平方公里,而浊度水平则大幅下降,在2010-2020年的过去十年中下降了4%,从而证实了水质的改善。该研究还提出了广阔的叶绿素指数和水分指数的空间覆盖率,表明水的停留时间增加。得出的结论是,随着时间的推移,水质继续恶化,然而,2020年是环境恢复的一年,观察到水库的整体水质有所改善。该研究建议制定更长时间的冲沙降浊政策,以提高这座巨型水库的使用寿命。
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来源期刊
Geography, Environment, Sustainability
Geography, Environment, Sustainability Social Sciences-Geography, Planning and Development
CiteScore
2.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
37
审稿时长
12 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal “GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY” is founded by the Faculty of Geography of Lomonosov Moscow State University, The Russian Geographical Society and by the Institute of Geography of RAS. It is the official journal of Russian Geographical Society, and a fully open access journal. Journal “GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY” publishes original, innovative, interdisciplinary and timely research letter articles and concise reviews on studies of the Earth and its environment scientific field. This goal covers a broad spectrum of scientific research areas (physical-, social-, economic-, cultural geography, environmental sciences and sustainable development) and also considers contemporary and widely used research methods, such as geoinformatics, cartography, remote sensing (including from space), geophysics, geochemistry, etc. “GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY” is the only original English-language journal in the field of geography and environmental sciences published in Russia. It is supposed to be an outlet from the Russian-speaking countries to Europe and an inlet from Europe to the Russian-speaking countries regarding environmental and Earth sciences, geography and sustainability. The main sections of the journal are the theory of geography and ecology, the theory of sustainable development, use of natural resources, natural resources assessment, global and regional changes of environment and climate, social-economical geography, ecological regional planning, sustainable regional development, applied aspects of geography and ecology, geoinformatics and ecological cartography, ecological problems of oil and gas sector, nature conservations, health and environment, and education for sustainable development. Articles are freely available to both subscribers and the wider public with permitted reuse.
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