Toxic elements in free-living freshwater fish, water and sediments in Poland

J. Szkoda, J. Żmudzki, A. Nawrocka, M. Kmiecik
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引用次数: 10

Abstract

Abstract Samples for analysis were collected from 10 areas, including the major Polish rivers and lakes, with different sources of environmental pollution (industrial, municipal, and farming). The materials was taken from the lakes of Mazury, located in a non-industrialised region, from the Brda River, an area impacted by pig farms, from the lakes of Lipczyno Wielkie/Pomerania, from the Wkra River, an area impacted by poultry farms, from the Dunajec River at the Roznowski Reservoir, from the Vistula River at Cracow and Warsaw, from the Odra River at Wroclaw and the Warta River estuary, and also from Rybnik Power Station Reservoir. Concentrations of Pb, Cd, Hg, and As were analysed in 397 fish muscle and 128 sediment samples using an atomic absorption spectrometry technique. The analytical procedures were covered by a quality assurance programme. It was demonstrated that the average concentrations of lead, cadmium, and arsenic in fish were in the low hundredths and thousandths of a mg/kg and never exceeded permitted limits established for food. Higher values of these elements were found in fish from bodies of water located in the zone of influence of large urban agglomerations, especially the Cracow region. High concentrations of lead and cadmium were also found in Vistula River sediments near Cracow, where the maximum values were 134.10 mg/kg and 21.24 mg/kg dry weight for lead and cadmium respectively. The average concentration of mercury in a predatory fish muscle (0.179 mg/kg) was almost twice as high as in the omnivorous fish (0.103 mg/kg). Only a single fish sample exceeded the maximum limit for this metal (0.50 mg/kg) and did not present a risk to consumers’ health.
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波兰自由生活的淡水鱼、水和沉积物中的有毒元素
分析样本来自10个地区,包括波兰主要河流和湖泊,不同的环境污染源(工业、市政和农业)。这些材料取自位于非工业化地区的Mazury湖泊、受养猪场影响的Brda河、受家禽养殖场影响的Lipczyno Wielkie/Pomerania湖泊、受家禽养殖场影响的Wkra河、Roznowski水库的Dunajec河、克拉科夫和华沙的维斯瓦河、弗罗茨瓦夫的Odra河和瓦尔塔河河口,以及Rybnik电站水库。采用原子吸收光谱法分析了397份鱼肌肉和128份沉积物样品中的铅、镉、汞和砷的浓度。分析程序由质量保证方案涵盖。研究表明,鱼中铅、镉和砷的平均浓度在每公斤一毫克的百分之几和千分之一以下,从未超过规定的食品允许限量。这些元素在大型城市群影响区,特别是克拉科夫地区的水体中含量较高。克拉科夫附近的维斯瓦河沉积物中也发现了高浓度的铅和镉,其中铅和镉的最大值分别为134.10 mg/kg和21.24 mg/kg干重。食肉鱼类肌肉中汞的平均浓度(0.179毫克/公斤)几乎是杂食性鱼类肌肉中汞的平均浓度(0.103毫克/公斤)的两倍。只有一个鱼的样本超过了这种金属的最大限量(0.50毫克/公斤),没有对消费者的健康构成风险。
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