Pub Date : 2017-02-01Epub Date: 2016-11-19DOI: 10.1177/0022034516679397
A J Paula, H Koo
Recent advances in nanotechnology provide unparalleled flexibility to control the composition, size, shape, surface chemistry, and functionality of materials. Currently available engineering approaches allow precise synthesis of nanocompounds (e.g., nanoparticles, nanostructures, nanocrystals) with both top-down and bottom-up design principles at the submicron level. In this context, these "nanoelements" (NEs) or "nanosized building blocks" can 1) generate new nanocomposites with antibiofilm properties or 2) be used to coat existing surfaces (e.g., teeth) and exogenously introduced surfaces (e.g., restorative or implant materials) for prevention of bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. Furthermore, functionalized NEs 3) can be conceived as nanoparticles to carry and selectively release antimicrobial agents after attachment or within oral biofilms, resulting in their disruption. The latter mechanism includes "smart release" of agents when triggered by pathogenic microenvironments (e.g., acidic pH or low oxygen levels) for localized and controlled drug delivery to simultaneously kill bacteria and dismantle the biofilm matrix. Here we discuss inorganic, metallic, polymeric, and carbon-based NEs for their outstanding chemical flexibility, stability, and antibiofilm properties manifested when converted into bioactive materials, assembled on-site or delivered at biofilm-surface interfaces. Details are provided on the emerging concept of the rational design of NEs and recent technological breakthroughs for the development of a new generation of nanocoatings or functional nanoparticles for biofilm control in the oral cavity.
纳米技术的最新进展为控制材料的成分、尺寸、形状、表面化学和功能提供了无与伦比的灵活性。目前可用的工程方法可以在亚微米级采用自上而下和自下而上的设计原则精确合成纳米化合物（如纳米颗粒、纳米结构、纳米晶体）。在这种情况下，这些 "纳米元素"（NEs）或 "纳米级构件 "可 1) 生成具有抗生物膜特性的新型纳米复合材料，或 2) 用于涂覆现有表面（如牙齿）和外源引入表面（如修复或植入材料），以防止细菌粘附和生物膜形成。此外，可将功能化 NEs 3) 设想为纳米颗粒，在附着后或在口腔生物膜内携带并选择性释放抗菌剂，从而破坏生物膜。后一种机制包括在致病微环境（如酸性 pH 值或低氧水平）触发时 "智能释放 "药剂，以实现局部可控给药，从而同时杀死细菌和破坏生物膜基质。在此，我们将讨论无机、金属、聚合物和碳基 NEs，这些 NEs 在转化为生物活性材料、现场组装或在生物膜-表面界面输送时，具有出色的化学灵活性、稳定性和抗生物膜特性。本文详细介绍了合理设计 NEs 的新兴概念，以及近期在开发用于控制口腔生物膜的新一代纳米涂层或功能性纳米粒子方面取得的技术突破。
{"title":"Nanosized Building Blocks for Customizing Novel Antibiofilm Approaches.","authors":"A J Paula, H Koo","doi":"10.1177/0022034516679397","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0022034516679397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent advances in nanotechnology provide unparalleled flexibility to control the composition, size, shape, surface chemistry, and functionality of materials. Currently available engineering approaches allow precise synthesis of nanocompounds (e.g., nanoparticles, nanostructures, nanocrystals) with both top-down and bottom-up design principles at the submicron level. In this context, these \"nanoelements\" (NEs) or \"nanosized building blocks\" can 1) generate new nanocomposites with antibiofilm properties or 2) be used to coat existing surfaces (e.g., teeth) and exogenously introduced surfaces (e.g., restorative or implant materials) for prevention of bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. Furthermore, functionalized NEs 3) can be conceived as nanoparticles to carry and selectively release antimicrobial agents after attachment or within oral biofilms, resulting in their disruption. The latter mechanism includes \"smart release\" of agents when triggered by pathogenic microenvironments (e.g., acidic pH or low oxygen levels) for localized and controlled drug delivery to simultaneously kill bacteria and dismantle the biofilm matrix. Here we discuss inorganic, metallic, polymeric, and carbon-based NEs for their outstanding chemical flexibility, stability, and antibiofilm properties manifested when converted into bioactive materials, assembled on-site or delivered at biofilm-surface interfaces. Details are provided on the emerging concept of the rational design of NEs and recent technological breakthroughs for the development of a new generation of nanocoatings or functional nanoparticles for biofilm control in the oral cavity.</p>","PeriodicalId":9462,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Veterinary Institute in Pulawy","volume":"56 1","pages":"128-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5331618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91096073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Monika Krajewska, Agnieszka Czujkowska, Marcin Weiner, Marek Lipiec, Krzysztof Szulowski
Abstract The paper describes avian tuberculosis in a captive bred cassowary. A two-and-a-half-year-old bird was obtained by a Polish zoo in 2010 from the Netherlands under conditions compliant with the recommendations of the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria. Despite being of small size for the age, the bird appeared healthy and showed no signs of the disease until the day when it was found recumbent in its pen. Later on it was euthanised due to lack of treatment possibilities. Pathological changes typical of avian tuberculosis were found in the liver and spleen. Mycobacterium avium ssp. avium was cultured from both organs.
{"title":"Avian tuberculosis in a captive cassowary (Casuarius casuarius)","authors":"Monika Krajewska, Agnieszka Czujkowska, Marcin Weiner, Marek Lipiec, Krzysztof Szulowski","doi":"10.1515/BVIP-2015-0072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/BVIP-2015-0072","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper describes avian tuberculosis in a captive bred cassowary. A two-and-a-half-year-old bird was obtained by a Polish zoo in 2010 from the Netherlands under conditions compliant with the recommendations of the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria. Despite being of small size for the age, the bird appeared healthy and showed no signs of the disease until the day when it was found recumbent in its pen. Later on it was euthanised due to lack of treatment possibilities. Pathological changes typical of avian tuberculosis were found in the liver and spleen. Mycobacterium avium ssp. avium was cultured from both organs.","PeriodicalId":9462,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Veterinary Institute in Pulawy","volume":"59 1","pages":"483 - 488"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/BVIP-2015-0072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67315112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kowalczyk, E. Kozak, Magdalena Łyjak, Z. Pejsak, K. Niemczuk
Abstract Macrophages and cytokines are important in the control of inflammation and regulation of the immune response. However, they can also contribute to immunopathology in the host after viral infection and the regulatory network can be subverted by infectious agents, including viruses, some of which produce cytokine analogues or have mechanisms that inhibit cytokine function. African swine fever virus (ASFV) encodes a number of proteins which modulate cytokine and chemokine induction, host transcription factor activation, stress responses, and apoptosis. The aim of this review is to elucidate the mechanisms of immune responses to ASFV in different subpopulations of porcine macrophages. A transcriptional immune response in different resident tissue macrophages following ASFV infection was presented in many publications. ASFV-susceptible porcine macrophages can be of several origins, such as peripheral blood, lungs, bone marrow, etc. blood monocytes, blood macrophages, and lung macrophages have demonstrated a modulation of phenotype. Monocyte-derived macrophages could express surface markers not found on their monocyte precursors. Moreover, they can undergo further differentiation after infection and during inflammation. When viruses infect such cells, immunological activity can be seriously impaired or modified.
{"title":"Transcriptional immunoresponse of tissue-specific macrophages in swine after infection with African swine fever virus","authors":"A. Kowalczyk, E. Kozak, Magdalena Łyjak, Z. Pejsak, K. Niemczuk","doi":"10.1515/BVIP-2015-0064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/BVIP-2015-0064","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Macrophages and cytokines are important in the control of inflammation and regulation of the immune response. However, they can also contribute to immunopathology in the host after viral infection and the regulatory network can be subverted by infectious agents, including viruses, some of which produce cytokine analogues or have mechanisms that inhibit cytokine function. African swine fever virus (ASFV) encodes a number of proteins which modulate cytokine and chemokine induction, host transcription factor activation, stress responses, and apoptosis. The aim of this review is to elucidate the mechanisms of immune responses to ASFV in different subpopulations of porcine macrophages. A transcriptional immune response in different resident tissue macrophages following ASFV infection was presented in many publications. ASFV-susceptible porcine macrophages can be of several origins, such as peripheral blood, lungs, bone marrow, etc. blood monocytes, blood macrophages, and lung macrophages have demonstrated a modulation of phenotype. Monocyte-derived macrophages could express surface markers not found on their monocyte precursors. Moreover, they can undergo further differentiation after infection and during inflammation. When viruses infect such cells, immunological activity can be seriously impaired or modified.","PeriodicalId":9462,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Veterinary Institute in Pulawy","volume":"59 1","pages":"441 - 446"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67315133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) replication assay in IB-RS-2, SK-6, and PK-15 cell cultures was performed using the xCELLigence system. The cell status was monitored by impedance measurement, expressed as cell index (CI). Proliferation of particular cells was examined at the beginning of the study. The cells exhibited the ability to form a monolayer, and the CI values increased with the cell culture growth. After about 23 h and while still in the growth phase, the cells were infected with decimal virus dilutions (10-1-10-6) containing from 100 000 to 1 median tissue culture infectious doses (TCID50). SVDV replication in cell cultures induced a change in cell index; together with the occurrence of cytopathic effect (CPE), the CI values declined. A significant correlation between the concentration of the virus used and CPE occurrence was found. The results also enabled determination of cell sensitivity to SVDV infection. The highest sensitivity was exhibited by IB-RS-2, followed by SK-6. To conclude, the xCELLigence System was used effectively and evaluated as being an efficient tool for CPE detection and SVDV replication analysis in cell cultures. Compared to the standard method , it enabled a more precise assessment of viral replication based on the quantitative CI measurement, providing additional current information.
{"title":"Real-time replication of swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) in cell culture systems in vitro","authors":"G. Paprocka, A. Kesy","doi":"10.1515/BVIP-2015-0067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/BVIP-2015-0067","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) replication assay in IB-RS-2, SK-6, and PK-15 cell cultures was performed using the xCELLigence system. The cell status was monitored by impedance measurement, expressed as cell index (CI). Proliferation of particular cells was examined at the beginning of the study. The cells exhibited the ability to form a monolayer, and the CI values increased with the cell culture growth. After about 23 h and while still in the growth phase, the cells were infected with decimal virus dilutions (10-1-10-6) containing from 100 000 to 1 median tissue culture infectious doses (TCID50). SVDV replication in cell cultures induced a change in cell index; together with the occurrence of cytopathic effect (CPE), the CI values declined. A significant correlation between the concentration of the virus used and CPE occurrence was found. The results also enabled determination of cell sensitivity to SVDV infection. The highest sensitivity was exhibited by IB-RS-2, followed by SK-6. To conclude, the xCELLigence System was used effectively and evaluated as being an efficient tool for CPE detection and SVDV replication analysis in cell cultures. Compared to the standard method , it enabled a more precise assessment of viral replication based on the quantitative CI measurement, providing additional current information.","PeriodicalId":9462,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Veterinary Institute in Pulawy","volume":"59 1","pages":"457 - 462"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/BVIP-2015-0067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67315274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Vector-borne infection constitutes a significant health issue in dogs worldwide. Recent reports point to an increasing number of canine vector-borne disease cases in European countries, including Poland. Canine babesiosis caused by various Babesia species is a protozoal tick-borne disease with worldwide distribution and significant veterinary importance. The development and application of molecular methods have increased our knowledge about canine babesiosis, its prevalence, and clinical and pathological aspects of the infection. Parasitologists and veterinary surgeons need an accurate description of the species responsible for canine babesiosis to improve diagnostic and therapeutic methods, as well as predictions for the course of the disease. Therefore, we decided to summarise recent knowledge concerning Babesia species and B. canis.
{"title":"Characteristics, immunological events, and diagnostics of Babesia spp. infection, with emphasis on Babesia canis","authors":"K. Kostro, K. Stojecki, M. Grzybek, K. Tomczuk","doi":"10.1515/BVIP-2015-0074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/BVIP-2015-0074","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Vector-borne infection constitutes a significant health issue in dogs worldwide. Recent reports point to an increasing number of canine vector-borne disease cases in European countries, including Poland. Canine babesiosis caused by various Babesia species is a protozoal tick-borne disease with worldwide distribution and significant veterinary importance. The development and application of molecular methods have increased our knowledge about canine babesiosis, its prevalence, and clinical and pathological aspects of the infection. Parasitologists and veterinary surgeons need an accurate description of the species responsible for canine babesiosis to improve diagnostic and therapeutic methods, as well as predictions for the course of the disease. Therefore, we decided to summarise recent knowledge concerning Babesia species and B. canis.","PeriodicalId":9462,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Veterinary Institute in Pulawy","volume":"59 1","pages":"495 - 504"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/BVIP-2015-0074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67315427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In this study the sequences of the long terminal repeat (LTR) of field isolates of the bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) were analysed. These isolates came from emerging cases of BLV infection in cattle from herds having BLV-free status. We found several sequence variations within regulatory motifs in the LTRs like GRE, DAS and interferon binding site. These mutations can possibly affect transcriptional activity of the virus, leading to its silencing.
{"title":"Genetic diversity of the long terminal repeat of bovine leukaemia virus field isolates","authors":"A. Pluta, M. Rola-Łuszczak, M. Olech, J. Kuźmak","doi":"10.1515/BVIP-2015-0065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/BVIP-2015-0065","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study the sequences of the long terminal repeat (LTR) of field isolates of the bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) were analysed. These isolates came from emerging cases of BLV infection in cattle from herds having BLV-free status. We found several sequence variations within regulatory motifs in the LTRs like GRE, DAS and interferon binding site. These mutations can possibly affect transcriptional activity of the virus, leading to its silencing.","PeriodicalId":9462,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Veterinary Institute in Pulawy","volume":"59 1","pages":"447 - 450"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/BVIP-2015-0065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67315023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The immunoreactivity of haemagglutinin (HA) polypeptides of equine influenza virus was compared among the strains isolated in Poland, using H3 monoclonal antibody. A stronger signal in immunoblot reaction was observed for A/equi/Pulawy/2008 HA polypeptides compared to A/equi/Pulawy/2006, despite the fact that both strains are phylogenetically closely related and belong to Florida clade 2 of American lineage. The strongest signal, observed in the case of A/equi/Pulawy/2008, seemed to be connected with the presence of G135, I213, E379, and/or V530 instead of R135, M213, G379, and I530 present in A/equi/Pulawy/2006 HA sequence. This implies that point mutations within amino acid sequences of HA polypeptides of equine influenza virus may change their immunoreactivity even when they are not located within five basic antigenic sites.
{"title":"Different pattern of haemagglutinin immunoreactivity of equine influenza virus strains isolated in Poland","authors":"M. Kwasnik, Ilona M Gora, W. Rożek","doi":"10.1515/BVIP-2015-0068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/BVIP-2015-0068","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The immunoreactivity of haemagglutinin (HA) polypeptides of equine influenza virus was compared among the strains isolated in Poland, using H3 monoclonal antibody. A stronger signal in immunoblot reaction was observed for A/equi/Pulawy/2008 HA polypeptides compared to A/equi/Pulawy/2006, despite the fact that both strains are phylogenetically closely related and belong to Florida clade 2 of American lineage. The strongest signal, observed in the case of A/equi/Pulawy/2008, seemed to be connected with the presence of G135, I213, E379, and/or V530 instead of R135, M213, G379, and I530 present in A/equi/Pulawy/2006 HA sequence. This implies that point mutations within amino acid sequences of HA polypeptides of equine influenza virus may change their immunoreactivity even when they are not located within five basic antigenic sites.","PeriodicalId":9462,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Veterinary Institute in Pulawy","volume":"59 1","pages":"463 - 466"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/BVIP-2015-0068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67315388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Piskorska-Pliszczynska, P. Struciński, S. Mikołajczyk, S. Maszewski, J. Rachubik, M. Warenik-Bany
Abstract The paper presents the results of testing eggs for the content of dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), determination of the sources that caused the presence of high concentrations of these compounds which exceeded the acceptable contamination levels, and assessment of consumer health risk caused by the consumption of eggs with excessive contents of investigated compounds. In about 9% of free range eggs and 17% of organic eggs, the content of PCDD/Fs was two- or threefold higher than the acceptable limits, and in some samples the concentration of investigated compounds exceeded the maximum concentration levels. Based on the profile of the compounds, it was confirmed in several cases that their main source was the soil or unsecured refuse. The consumers of eggs and meat produced under these conditions constitute the risk groups, and their dioxin and PCB intake may exceed toxicological reference values.
{"title":"Dioxins, furans, and polychlorinated biphenyls in hen eggs – a new source of hazard for consumers?","authors":"J. Piskorska-Pliszczynska, P. Struciński, S. Mikołajczyk, S. Maszewski, J. Rachubik, M. Warenik-Bany","doi":"10.1515/BVIP-2015-0078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/BVIP-2015-0078","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper presents the results of testing eggs for the content of dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), determination of the sources that caused the presence of high concentrations of these compounds which exceeded the acceptable contamination levels, and assessment of consumer health risk caused by the consumption of eggs with excessive contents of investigated compounds. In about 9% of free range eggs and 17% of organic eggs, the content of PCDD/Fs was two- or threefold higher than the acceptable limits, and in some samples the concentration of investigated compounds exceeded the maximum concentration levels. Based on the profile of the compounds, it was confirmed in several cases that their main source was the soil or unsecured refuse. The consumers of eggs and meat produced under these conditions constitute the risk groups, and their dioxin and PCB intake may exceed toxicological reference values.","PeriodicalId":9462,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Veterinary Institute in Pulawy","volume":"59 1","pages":"519 - 526"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/BVIP-2015-0078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67315670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Przeniosło-Siwczyńska, E. Patyra, Maja Chyłek-Purchała, Beata Kozak, K. Kwiatek
Abstract The paper describes a microbiological method for the detection of antibacterial substances in feedingstuffs. The method allowed detection of the main antibiotic groups, including tetracyclines. In 2013-2014, a total of 171 feed samples were analysed to determine antibacterial substances. Among the analysed samples 84 (49.1%) were suspected to contain tetracyclines. Out of the 84 feeds analysed using chromatography, 28 (33.3%) contained undeclared tetracyclines, which were identified at concentrations ranging from 0.32 mg kg-1 to 48.98 mg kg-1.
{"title":"Occurrence of tetracyclines in feedingstuffs – results of a two-year study within the official control of feed","authors":"M. Przeniosło-Siwczyńska, E. Patyra, Maja Chyłek-Purchała, Beata Kozak, K. Kwiatek","doi":"10.1515/BVIP-2015-0079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/BVIP-2015-0079","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper describes a microbiological method for the detection of antibacterial substances in feedingstuffs. The method allowed detection of the main antibiotic groups, including tetracyclines. In 2013-2014, a total of 171 feed samples were analysed to determine antibacterial substances. Among the analysed samples 84 (49.1%) were suspected to contain tetracyclines. Out of the 84 feeds analysed using chromatography, 28 (33.3%) contained undeclared tetracyclines, which were identified at concentrations ranging from 0.32 mg kg-1 to 48.98 mg kg-1.","PeriodicalId":9462,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Veterinary Institute in Pulawy","volume":"59 1","pages":"527 - 532"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/BVIP-2015-0079","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67315925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Grosicki, P. Malagocki, A. Kycko, J. Monkiewicz, W. Korol
Abstract The importance of magnesium supplements on organ retention of cadmium and allometric parameters after repeated exposure to cadmium chloride were studied in male Wistar rats. Magnesium chloride was given via drinking water (500 mg Mg/L) to rats exposed intragastrically to cadmium chloride (labelled with cadmium 109) at a daily dose corresponding to 25 mg/kg diet for 7, 14, 21, and 28 d. Supplements of magnesium temporarily decreased cadmium retention in the duodenum and liver. No significant differences in cadmium retention were evidenced in the kidneys and testicles. The supplements of magnesium also retain more of the body weight gains and restore the relative liver and testicle weight in rats intoxicated with cadmium. Comparison of the present results with earlier reports suggests a relationship between doses of magnesium and cadmium; higher doses of cadmium need more magnesium to overcome toxic action of the heavy metal.
{"title":"Magnesium supplements affect selected cadmium toxic actions and uptake of repeated doses of cadmium","authors":"A. Grosicki, P. Malagocki, A. Kycko, J. Monkiewicz, W. Korol","doi":"10.1515/BVIP-2015-0081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/BVIP-2015-0081","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The importance of magnesium supplements on organ retention of cadmium and allometric parameters after repeated exposure to cadmium chloride were studied in male Wistar rats. Magnesium chloride was given via drinking water (500 mg Mg/L) to rats exposed intragastrically to cadmium chloride (labelled with cadmium 109) at a daily dose corresponding to 25 mg/kg diet for 7, 14, 21, and 28 d. Supplements of magnesium temporarily decreased cadmium retention in the duodenum and liver. No significant differences in cadmium retention were evidenced in the kidneys and testicles. The supplements of magnesium also retain more of the body weight gains and restore the relative liver and testicle weight in rats intoxicated with cadmium. Comparison of the present results with earlier reports suggests a relationship between doses of magnesium and cadmium; higher doses of cadmium need more magnesium to overcome toxic action of the heavy metal.","PeriodicalId":9462,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of The Veterinary Institute in Pulawy","volume":"59 1","pages":"541 - 546"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/BVIP-2015-0081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67316705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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