Dynamics of the Accumulation of the Biologically Active Substances Sanguisorba Officinalis L. Depending on Vertical Zonal

Abstract

The species Sanguisorba officinalis L. is widespread in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania and is promising for the study and practical use of the pharmacological and food industry. The aim of the work is to analyze the dynamics of biologically active substances in the phytomass S. officinalis depending on the altitude gradient under conditions of RNO-Alania. Studies were carried out in 2012-2016. Samples of vegetable raw materials were taken at 5 stationary points located in various high-altitude belts: 1079, 1480, 1760, 1810 and 2300 m above the sea level. Studies were conducted using standard methods. The air-dry yield of S. officinalis above-ground phytomass in an averaged between 0.669 to 1.05 kg/m over the years of research. The content of the studied biologically active substances in the above-ground phytomass of S. officinalis was found to change with increasing growth height. At a height of 1079 m, a high content of nitrogen-free extractive substances, hydroxycoric acids (in terms of chlorogenic), leukoantocyans, catechins, tanning substances was found in tissues. At a height of 1480 m, the accumulation of crude protein and routine was observed. At an altitude of 1810 m, fiber, ash elements, ascorbic acid, saponins (in terms of ursolic acid), and carotenes accumulate in grass. At a height of 2300 m, plant tissues show maximum levels of crude fat and flavonoids. The obtained data make it possible to estimate antioxidant and P-vitamin properties of S. officinalis and to recommend collection of vegetable raw materials of S. officinalis at different height to obtain certain biologically active substances. Effective and low-toxic natural polyphenolic antioxidants of S. officinalis can be used in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Keywords—Sanguisorba officinalis L., biological resources Caucasus, biologically active substances, antioxidants