Kesia-Siaan Eksistensi: Makna Kehidupan Menurut Pesimisme Klasik Abū al-ʻAlā al-Maʻarrī

Moh. Ariful Anam
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Abstract

This article discusses the thought of the classical pessimist philosopher in the Islamic world, it is known as Abū al-ʻAlā al-Maʻarrī (363-449 H/973-1058 AD). The main topic studied is the biography of al-Ma'arrī and his thoughts on the meaning of human existence in this world. To exhume the data, the researcher used the works of the classical encyclopedia to reconstruct the biography of al-Maʻarrī and one of his monumental works, Al-Luzūmiyyāt, to examine his thinking. This literature research uses historical analysis methods and content analysis. The results of this study are, first, the background of al-Ma'arrī's life, which is born from a respected family with his physical condition as a blind person who forms a different person from al-Ma'arrī although he still obtained a fairly decent life. As well as the intellectual odyssey and the social conditions in which he interacted greatly influenced al-Ma'arrī's thought, making himself not complain about himself, instead reflecting it into philosophical ideas. Second, al-Ma'arrī's pessimism in interpreting human existence as futility (the vanity of existence). Human beings have been overwhelmed with evil potential from the beginning. So that his life is also full of suffering. There is nothing happier than death. Death is a great achievement and peace. While born in this world is a misfortune, suffering, and evil. In this context al-Ma'arrī has a view that humans should not need to have children (childfree).  Keywords :  al-Ma‘arrī, pessimism, the vanity of existence
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虚空存在悲观:生命的意义根据经典Abūal -ʻāal al - maʻarrī
这篇文章讨论了伊斯兰世界的古典悲观主义哲学家的思想,它被称为阿布阿尔-阿尔阿尔-马阿尔尔(公元363-449年/公元973-1058年)。本文主要研究的是al-Ma’arir的生平和他对人类在这个世界上存在的意义的思考。为了挖掘数据,研究人员使用经典百科全书的作品来重建al-Ma ā arir的传记和他的一部不朽的作品Al-Luzūmiyyāt,以检验他的思想。本文献研究采用历史分析法和内容分析法。本研究的结果是,首先,al-Ma' arrir的生活背景,他出生在一个受人尊敬的家庭,他的身体状况是盲人,虽然他仍然获得了相当体面的生活,但与al-Ma' arrir形成了不同的人。他的智力历程和所处的社会环境对他的思想产生了很大的影响,使他不再抱怨自己,而是将其反映到哲学思想中。第二,al-Ma’arir’将人类的存在解释为无用(存在的虚荣心)的悲观主义。人类从一开始就被邪恶的潜能所淹没。所以他的生活也充满了苦难。没有比死亡更快乐的事了。死亡是伟大的成就和和平。而生在这个世界上是一种不幸、痛苦和邪恶。在这种情况下,al-Ma' arrir认为人类不应该需要有孩子(无孩子)。关键词:al-Ma ' arir,悲观主义,存在的虚荣心
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