Potential of Molecular Plant Breeding for Sustaining the Global Food Security

R. Mahajan, Nisha Kapoor
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Abstract

New alleles are continuously added to bring novel traits which are selected using genetic manipulations. Understanding the genes responsible for a particular phenotype involves recent genomic approaches which are to be integrated with conventional breeding programs for the crop improvement. Use of biotechnological tools merged with the conventional breeding practices has resulted molecular plant breeding which has significant contributions to food production, despite the presence of narrow genetic base in current materials used for breeding purposes. Use of molecular markers along with high-throughput genome sequencing efforts, have dramatically augmented our information to characterize the elite germplasm for the production of hybrids and improved populations. This review focuses on possibilities for the need and application of molecular breeding tools in the genetic improvement of the crop plants which can ensure sustainable food production for the increasing global population.
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分子植物育种对维持全球粮食安全的潜力
新的等位基因不断增加,带来新的性状,这些性状是通过遗传操作选择的。了解负责特定表型的基因涉及到最近的基因组方法,这些方法将与作物改良的传统育种计划相结合。生物技术工具的使用与传统育种方法相结合,产生了分子植物育种,尽管目前用于育种目的的材料存在狭窄的遗传基础,但对粮食生产做出了重大贡献。分子标记的使用以及高通量基因组测序的努力,极大地增加了我们的信息,以表征杂交和改良群体生产的精英种质。本文综述了分子育种工具在作物遗传改良方面的需求和应用的可能性,以确保不断增长的全球人口的可持续粮食生产。
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