Features of the formation and course of late acquired myopia

Abstract

Introduction. In the modern world, the load on vision has significantly increased, the widespread introduction of computer technology has led to additional visual load, both during working hours and at home. Prolonged and strenuous visual work can lead to the emergence of professional ophthalmopathy, one of the leading manifestations of which is myopia, which develops in persons with visually strenuous work. Goal. To investigate the features of the formation and course of myopia in adults. Material and methods. A retrospective study was conducted based on ophthalmological examination data during the medical examination of the attached contingent in the period 2020-2023 (n=1506). Among them there were 1202 men (79.8%) and 304 women (20.2%). During the examination 416 people (27.6%) were found to be healthy. Refraction and accommodation disorders were detected in 1076 people (71.6%), other visual diseases – in 14 people (0.8%). Among the violations of refraction and accommodation, the leading (50.3%) were: myopia (29.9%), myopic astigmatism (17.6%) and mixed astigmatism (2.8%). The age at which myopia occurred, the degree of clinical refraction, the rate of progression, and the magnitude of anisometropia were evaluated. Results. In 153 people (20.2%), myopia manifested at the age of 34.3+7.2 years (18;52). At the time of examination, the duration of myopia was 7.3+5.9 years (0; 30). In the period 2020-2021, the proportion of late myopia left 14.0%, and in 2022-2023 – 28.8% (p<0.001). Stationary course of late myopia was noted in 5.9% of cases, progression – in 90.2% (slow (0.5 dptr per year or less) – 77.8%; fast (more than 0.5 dptr per year – 7.2%). The proportion of mild myopia was 92.9%, medium – 6.5%, high – 0.7%. Isometropia was observed in 44.4% of cases, anisometropia up to 0.5 dpt – in 34.7% of cases, anisometropia with a degree of 0.75 dpt and more – in 20.9% of cases Conclusion. During the medical examination, 71.6% of the examined contingent revealed violations of refraction and accommodation, including 50.3% of individuals diagnosed with myopic refraction. Nearsightedness manifested at the age of 18 and older was observed in 20.2% of people with myopia. The data obtained confirm the need for therapeutic and preventive measures to prevent the formation and progression of myopia in adults. Keywords: myopia, adults, professional ophthalmopathy, refraction, accommodation