A Comprehensive Review on the Deleterious Effects of Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation on the Gills and Other Tissues of Freshwater Fishes

Poonam Choudhary, Priya Sharma, S. Kaur, J. Randhawa, L. Borse
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Abstract

Heavy metals can be harmful to aquatic organisms when exposed for a short (acute) or long (chronic) period. They have made a tremendous contribution to human welfare, but they also have considerable negative impacts on organisms that are not their targets. Runoff and groundwater leaching from a range of hazardous metals have a significant risk of contaminating aquatic habitats that pass through industrial or agricultural areas, which could directly threaten freshwater life, especially delicate animals like fish. Fish are the most well-known model for determining the extent of aquatic pollution. Since fish play a significant part in the food chain, the investigation into how toxic metals affect fish might help determine whether or not metals have harmful impacts on human health. This review attempted to consolidate all available scientific findings on the accumulation and uptake of various heavy metals (As, Hg, Cd, Cu, Cr, and Pb) as well as the overall histopathological changes caused by long-term exposure to sublethal doses of these heavy metals on the gills and other tissues of the freshwater fishes. Keeping in mind the above facts, in this review, an effort has been made to elucidate the deleterious impact of metals on the gills of freshwater fishes.
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重金属生物积累对淡水鱼鳃及其他组织的有害影响综述
重金属在短时间(急性)或长时间(慢性)暴露时都可能对水生生物有害。它们为人类福利作出了巨大贡献,但它们也对非它们的目标生物产生了相当大的负面影响。一系列有害金属的径流和地下水浸出具有污染通过工业或农业地区的水生栖息地的重大风险,这可能直接威胁到淡水生物,特别是像鱼类这样的脆弱动物。鱼类是确定水生污染程度的最著名的模型。由于鱼类在食物链中扮演着重要的角色,对有毒金属如何影响鱼类的调查可能有助于确定金属是否对人体健康有害。本综述试图整合所有现有的关于各种重金属(As、Hg、Cd、Cu、Cr和Pb)的积累和吸收的科学发现,以及长期暴露于亚致死剂量的这些重金属在淡水鱼鳃和其他组织上引起的总体组织病理学变化。鉴于上述事实,本文试图阐明金属对淡水鱼鳃的有害影响。
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