Evaluating the effect of ethanol foliar feeding on the essential oil, phenolic content, and antioxidant activities of Ducrosia anethifolia

Ali Sarabandi, A. Sahebkar, J. Asili, M. Valizadeh, K. Taheri, J. Valizadeh, M. Akaberi
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Abstract

Ducrosia anethifolia (Apiaceae) is a medicinal aromatic plant distributed in Iran and Afghanistan. This research aims to investigate the composition of the plant essential oil, determine the total flavonoid and phenolic contents, and evaluate its antioxidant activities after ethanol foliar feeding. For this purpose, 0, 10, 20, 40, and 80% v/v of aqueous ethanol solutions were sprayed on different batches of the plants. Then, the essential oils were obtained using water distillation. Compounds were analyzed by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique(GC-MS) using a validated method. The method was validated as per the ICH guidelines for linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, LOD, and LOQ. The total contents of phenols and flavonoids were measured using spectrophotometric methods. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP assays. The results showed that n-decanal, cis-verbenyl acetate and dodecanal were the major compounds in all treatments. However, alcohol could cause significant differences in the essential oils qualitatively and quantitatively. The results showed that 40% ethanol could increase the number of phenolics and flavonoids and consequently the antioxidant activity.  Thus, ethanol foliar feeding can be used as an appropriate approach to increase the essential oil of D. anethifolia as well as its phenolic and flavonoid contents.
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评价乙醇采食对花楸挥发油、酚类物质含量及抗氧化活性的影响
杜鹃花是一种药用芳香植物,分布在伊朗和阿富汗。本研究旨在研究乙醇采食后植物挥发油的组成,测定其总黄酮和酚类含量,并评价其抗氧化活性。为此,在不同批次的植株上喷洒0、10、20、40和80% v/v的乙醇水溶液。然后用水蒸馏法提取精油。采用经验证的气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对化合物进行分析。根据ICH指南对该方法进行了线性、精密度、准确度、鲁棒性、定量限和定量限的验证。用分光光度法测定其总酚类和总黄酮含量。采用DPPH和FRAP测定抗氧化活性。结果表明,正癸醛、顺式乙酸马鞭草酯和十二癸醛是各处理的主要化合物。然而,酒精会导致精油在质量和数量上的显著差异。结果表明,40%乙醇能提高黄酮类化合物和酚类化合物的含量,提高其抗氧化活性。因此,乙醇采食可作为增加花楸挥发油含量、提高花楸挥发油中酚类和类黄酮含量的适宜方法。
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