矿井爆破开挖中通风、远程空气采样和空气质量监测:当前存在的问题和解决方案

Riasnyi Vitaliy, Yevstratenko Ihor, Kostiantyn Humenok, Yevstratenko Liliia, Chukharev Serhii, Zaiets Vitalii
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的:分析钻孔爆破采矿作业中矿工的工作条件和安全状况,并制定现代化的方案和技术解决方案,以提高他们的标准。方法:对目前与不同目的的矿井挖掘提升工作人员的职业健康和安全有关的问题进行了全面和详细的分析研究,并在此基础上确定了实际解决这些问题的关键任务。结果:通过初步的分析和分析研究,确定了矿山作业通风是目前急需解决的主要问题和最紧迫的问题,需要改进矿井井底区空气质量的采样和快速控制手段。根据国家标准“产品开发和投入生产体系”(“DSTU 3974-2000”),开发了全新的方案和技术解决方案整体体系(没有类似物)。该系统可高效、可靠地解决80-100米高度不同用途(采矿、通风、进料)的钻爆开采中通风、除尘、除尘、空气质量采样、空气成分控制(快速分析)等极其复杂的问题。所开发的设备包括多用途高压喷射器式自动除尘器ADC-1,其设计目的是为了提升作业的高效通风,为隧道工人在工作周期中提供正常的卫生和卫生工作条件,并可靠地中和爆炸产物;现代化空气成分遥控装置racc -20/80矿用焊接通风及提升掘进井底区进料。这一过程既可以使用标准的特殊指示管,也可以使用现代电子气体测量仪器(“Dräger-2500/5000”,德国制造或其类似物)。科学新颖性:通过钻孔和爆破方法,将先进的最新技术解决方案整合到一个系统中,以实现有效的通风、可靠的粉尘和气体抽取、气体清除、空气质量采样和提升作业的空气成分控制。
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VENTING, REMOTE AIR SAMPLING AND MONITORING OF AIR QUALITY IN BLASTED MINING EXCAVATIONS: CURRENT PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
Objective: to analyze working conditions and safety of miners involved in mining excavations by drilling and blasting and to develop modern schemes and technical solutions to improve their standards. Methodology: comprehensive and detailed analytical studies of the current problems connected with occupational health and safety of personnel working specifically in lifting mine excavations of different purposes were carried out, on the basis of which the key tasks for their practical solution were defined. Results: The preliminary analysis and analytical studies have determined that the main and most acute problems requiring an urgent solution are connected with the ventilation of mine workings, and the need to improve the means of sampling and express-control of the quality of air from the bottom-hole zone of mines. According to the state standard “System of product development and launching into manufacture” (“DSTU 3974-2000”) the fundamentally new integral system of schemes and technical solutions (having no analogs) was developed. The system allows for efficiently and reliably solving the extremely complicated issues of ventilation, dust and gas removal, air quality sampling, and control (express analysis) of air composition in drilling and blasting mining excavations of different purposes (ore mining, ventilation, material-entry) to the height of 80-100 m. The developed equipment includes a multipurpose high-pressure ejector-type automatic dust collector ADC-1, designed for efficient ventilation of lifting workings and providing normal sanitary and hygienic working conditions for tunnelers while performing their work cycle, and for reliable neutralization of explosion products; the modernized device for remote control of air composition RCAC-20/80 ore-welding ventilation and material-entry from the bottom-hole zone of the lifting excavations. This process can be carried out both with the use of standard special indicator tubes with chemical reagents and with the use of modern electronic gas-measuring apparatuses (“Dräger-2500/5000” made in Germany or their analogs). Scientific novelty: the integration, i.e. bringing into a single system, of developed up-to-date technical solutions for effective ventilation, reliable dust and gas extraction, gas removal, and air quality sampling and control of air composition of the lifting workings by the drilling and blasting method.
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