矿山预备工程防护结构变形特性研究

M. Hryhorets, O. Tkachuk, Serhii Pahomov, V. Vasilenko, S. Podkopaiev
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摘要

目的。研究急斜煤层预备巷道卸煤岩体时安全结构的稳定性,防止煤矿采掘区侧岩坍塌,为矿工创造安全的工作条件。为了达到研究目的,在山压实验室,采用全煤和由碎石组成的结构体进行了单轴压缩试验样品,对安全结构体的稳定性进行了研究。在全煤单轴压缩或由碎石组成的构筑物单轴压缩条件下,实验试样的长宽比为a/b=(1-2),截面面积S (m2)增大,其体积δV的相对变化。对于全煤,相对体积变化δV≤0,1保证稳定状态。超过δV设定值,煤体整体失稳塌缩,导致边岩塌缩。对于破碎岩石结构,随着可压缩试样截面积的增大,相对体积变化从δV = 0.2减小到δV = 0.35;同时,破碎后的岩石在所用材料的整体体积中被压实,增加了保护结构的承载能力,从而限制了侧向岩石的移动,保证了其完整性。在由不同粒度组成的碎石组成的保护结构的变形资源的限制下,随着它们的单轴压缩,建立了一种功能依赖关系,使我们能够估计柔性支架体积的相对变化,这是评估其承载能力所必需的。现实意义。为了给深部煤矿采掘区矿工创造安全的工作条件,防止煤体侧岩的坍塌,当预备煤矿巷道的线尺寸之比对应于a/b>(1-2)的长宽比时,宜采用柔性防护结构进行防护。
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STUDY OF DEFORMATION PROPERTIES OF PROTECTIVE STRUCTURES OF PREPARATORY MINING WORKS
Purpose. To study the stability of the security structures of the preparatory mine roadways of steep seams while unloading the coal-rock massif to prevent the collapse of side rocks in the excavation areas of the coal mine and create safe working conditions for miners. Method. In order to achieve the aim of the research, the study of the stability of security structures was carried out at the laboratory of mountain pressure by using experimental samples in the form of whole coal and structures consisted of crushed rock, which were subjected to uniaxial compression. Results. Under the conditions of uniaxial compression of whole coal or constructions consisted of crushed rock, with the ratio of length to width a/b= (1-2) and an increase in the cross-sectional area S (m2) of the experimental samples, a relative change of their volume δV was observed. For whole coal, the steady state is ensured by the relative volume change δV ≤ 0,1. Beyond the set value of δV, the whole coals lose their stability and collapse, which results in the collapse of the side rocks. For the crushed rock structures, with an increase in the cross-sectional area of the compressible specimens, the relative volume change decreases from δV = 0,2 to δV = 0,35. At the same time, the crushed rock is compacted in the whole volume of the used material, the bearing capacity of protective structures is increased, which enables limiting the movement of lateral rocks and ensures their integrity. Scientific novelty Within the limits of the deformation resource of protective structures consisting of crushed rock of different granulometric composition, with their uniaxial compression, a type of functional dependence was established, which enables us to estimate the relative change in the volume of flexible supports from stiffness, which is necessary for assessing their bearing capacity. Practical significance. In order to create safe working conditions for miners in the excavation areas of a deep coal mine and prevent the collapse of side rocks in the coal massif, it is advisable to use flexible protective structures for the protection of preparatory coal mine roadways, when the ratio of their linear dimensions corresponds to the ratio of length to width of a/b>(1-2).
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