雇主希望年长员工做什么工作?

A. Munnell, Gal Wettstein, Abigail N. Walters
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引用次数: 3

摘要

在过去的几十年里,美国人一直在寻求工作到更老的年龄。尽管目前出现了COVID-19经济衰退,但推迟退休的长期趋势大幅提高了老年人的劳动力参与率。然而,工作到更老的年龄不仅仅需要工人的意愿;它要求雇主以有价值的条款雇佣他们。尽管雇主经常表示,他们愿意雇用年长的员工,但审计研究中的歧视证据表明,有理由感到担忧。其中一个问题是:雇主真正希望年长员工做什么工作?为了回答这个问题,本文以最近的一篇论文为基础,分析了RetirementJobs.com上的招聘启事样本。RetirementJobs.com是一家面向老年员工的全国性网站。除了探索这些职位的特征、位置和薪酬外,该分析还将它们与其他两个关于职位空缺的数据来源进行了比较:1)职位空缺和劳动力流动调查(JOLTS),这是联邦政府关于职位空缺汇总统计数据的权威来源;2)一个面向所有年龄层员工的大型综合就业板。讨论进行如下。第一部分介绍RetirementJobs.com。其中20%的招聘信息是雇主直接针对年长员工发布的,80%是来自CareerBuilder.com的交叉招聘信息,这表明雇主既愿意雇佣年长员工,也愿意雇佣年轻员工。第二部分报告了RetirementJobs.com上的职位特征,第三部分将职位的地理分布与JOLTS中的职位进行了比较,并将职位特征与一般职位板的样本进行了比较。乍一看,这些结果给我们带来了乐观的理由。虽然RetirementJobs.com上发布的职位只占全国空缺职位的一小部分,但它们显示出同样的地理分布,因为面向所有年龄段的职位,涵盖了广泛的职业,而且很可能是全职的。他们提供的工资也比一般招聘板上的要高,尽管很少有人提到健康或退休福利。如果只看专门针对年长员工的直接招聘,情况就不那么乐观了。这些帖子的平均工资往往比那些针对普通受众的帖子低得多,甚至不太可能提到健康或退休福利。
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What Jobs Do Employers Want Older Workers to Do?
Over the past couple of decades, Americans have been seeking to work to older ages. The current COVID-19 recession notwithstanding, a long-term trend toward later retirement has sharply increased the labor force participation rate among older individuals. However, working to older ages requires more than a willingness on the part of workers; it requires employers to hire them on terms that are worthwhile. While employers often say they are open to employing older workers, evidence of discrimination in audit studies suggests reason to worry. One question is: Owhat jobs do employers really want older workers to do?O To answer this question, this brief, based on a recent paper, examines a sample of job postings from RetirementJobs.com, a national website that targets older workers. In addition to exploring the characteristics, location, and compensation of these postings, the analysis compares them to two other data sources on job openings: 1) the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS), the federal governmentOs definitive source of aggregate statistics on job openings; and 2) a large general jobs board for workers of all ages. The discussion proceeds as follows. The first section introduces RetirementJobs.com. Twenty percent of its listings are Odirect postingsO by employers aiming explicitly at older workers and 80 percent are cross-listings from CareerBuilder.com, which suggest employer willingness to hire older, as well as younger, workers. The second section reports on the characteristics of the jobs on RetirementJobs.com, and the third section compares the geographic dispersion of the jobs with those in the JOLTS and the characteristics of the jobs with a sample from the general jobs board. The results, at first blush, suggest reason for optimism. While the jobs posted on RetirementJobs.com represent a small fraction of job openings nationally, they nevertheless show the same geographic dispersion as jobs aimed at all age groups, cover a broad swath of occupations, and are likely to be full-time. They also offer higher wages than the postings on the general jobs board, although fewer of them mention health or retirement benefits. A somewhat less positive picture emerges when looking only at the direct postings specifically targeted to older workers. These postings tend to have substantially lower average wages than those aimed at a general audience and are even less likely to mention health or retirement benefits.
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