Volt Var Watt Optimization in Distribution Network with High Penetration of Renewable Energy Sources and Electric Vehicles

This paper presents a centralized real-time system for continuous voltage improvement in active distribution networks (DNs) with high penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy sources (RESs). It is based on Volt Var Watt Optimization (VVWO), which considers the capabilities of both traditional resources (load-tap-changers (LTC), voltage regulators (VR), capacitor banks (CB)), and new resources, including distributed generators (DG) and energy storages (ES). VVWO is integrated into the Distributed Energy Resources Management System (DERMS) for practical application. Its application has enabled maximized renewable generation output and electric vehicle charging, improving the voltage profile and avoiding technical violations. It is shown that the procedure is efficient and robust. Using the same resources, it solves problems for any conditions in the grid, including the two extreme situations of light-loaded DN with high photovoltaics (PV) injection and high-loaded DN with additional EVs load. The procedure is integrated into the industrial-grade product, which enables its automatic application in real DN in real-life.