2019冠状病毒病大流行期间俄罗斯的酒精消费量

M. Pozdniakova, Viktoria Bruno
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引用次数: 1

摘要

本文致力于分析俄罗斯冠状病毒感染传播期间酒精消费量的主要变化。这项工作基于对18-60岁以上城市工作年龄人口(2020年5月至8月)的在线调查结果,以及俄罗斯科学院联邦科学研究中心越轨行为社会学部门此前进行的几波在线研究(2009-2019年)。在进行在线调查的同时,还对所研究问题的现有统计和社会学数据(俄罗斯国家统计局、卫生部、VCIOM、俄罗斯纵向监测调查)进行了二次分析,反映了不同人口群体的酒精消费指标。该文件审查了在大流行开始时,不同年龄和性别群体的饮酒模式和日常饮酒习惯(饮酒和中毒的频率和性质、消费动机、对酒精的态度)发生了哪些变化。报告显示,尽管过去十年出现了减少酒精消费的趋势,但到大流行病发生时,俄罗斯的酒精状况仍然紧张。研究发现,尽管大流行并未导致城市人口饮酒量普遍显著增加,但在大流行期间,一些危险群体的饮酒量增加幅度高于其他人群。已经确定了一些导致某些人群酒精消费量增加的社会风险因素。已经确定了一些社会风险因素,这些因素是某些人口群体酒精消费增加的催化剂:1)压力;2)社会和物质地位的变化;3)习惯性酒精消费水平高(个人的酒精化程度)。经验数据可以得出以下结论:虽然大流行并未导致城市人口酒精消费量普遍显著增加,但在大流行期间,一些危险群体的酒精消费量增加幅度高于其他人群。大流行病加剧了在大流行病前观察到的城市人口酗酒的消极趋势。
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Alcohol Consumption in Russia During the COVID-19 Pandemic
The article is devoted to the analysis of the main changes in alcohol consumption during the spread of coronavirus infection in Russia. The work is based on the results of an online survey of the urban working-age population aged 18–60+ (May-August 2020), as well as several waves of previous online studies (2009–2019) conducted by the Department of the Sociology of Deviant Behavior of the Federal Scientific Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The online surveys were accompanied by a secondary analysis of the available statistical and sociological data on the issues under study (Rosstat, Ministry of Health, VCIOM, the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS-HSE)), reflecting the indicators of alcohol consumption in various population groups. The paper examines what changes have occurred in patterns of drinking and everyday alcohol practices at the beginning of the pandemic (frequency and nature of alcohol consumption and intoxication, motives for consumption, attitudes towards alcohol) in different age and gender groups. It is shown that, despite the trend of the last ten years to reduce alcohol consumption, by the time of the pandemic, the alcohol situation in Russia remained tense. It was found that, although the pandemic did not lead to a widespread significant increase in alcohol consumption among the urban population, there were risk groups that increased alcohol consumption during the pandemic more than others. A number of social risk factors have been identified that have led to an increase in alcohol consumption in some populations. A number of social risk factors that have been catalysts for an increase in alcohol consumption in some population groups have been identified: 1) stress, 2) changes in social and material status, and 3) a high level of habitual alcohol consumption (the degree of alcoholization of an individual). The empirical data allows to make the following conclusions: although the pandemic has not led to a widespread significant increase in alcohol consumption among the urban population, there were risk groups that increased alcohol consumption during the pandemic more than others. The pandemic has intensified the negative trends of alcoholization of the urban population observed in the pre-pandemic period.
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