农业政策改革及其对农户收入不平等的影响

A. Mishra, H. El-Osta, Saleem Shaik
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引用次数: 5

摘要

在美国,1996年的农业政策改革引入了以市场为导向的农业政策,并向农民提供了与生产无关的七年一次性付款。一些学者认为,农业项目的支付改变了农户之间的收入分配。我们的研究使用了1996-2001年的全国农场水平调查,以调查a)农户之间的收入分配,b)导致收入不平等的来源,以及c)农业项目支付在平衡收入方面的作用。结果显示,1996年至2001年间,收入不平等程度很高,但正在下降。在对收入不平等贡献最大的收入组成部分中,标有农业和所有其他来源收入的收入组成部分。研究结果进一步表明,非农劳动收入和农业项目支出的边际增长都会减少收入不平等。因此,各种收入构成对总体减少收入不平等的影响取决于家庭对非农工作和政府农业计划的参与程度。
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Agricultural Policy Reform and Its Impact on Farm Households Income Inequality
In the United States the 1996 agricultural policy reform ushered in market-oriented farm policies and also gave farmers a seven-year lump-sum payment that was not tied to production. Some scholars argue that farm program payments have changed the distribution of income among farm households. Our study uses a national farmlevel survey for 1996-2001 to investigate a) the distribution of income among farm households, b) the sources that contribute to income inequality, and c) the role of farm program payments in equalizing income. Results show a high but declining income inequality between 1996 and 2001. Among the income components that contributed the most to income inequality was an income component labeled Income from farming and all other sources. Findings further show that marginal increases in both off-farm labor income and farm program payments reduce income inequality. The impact of various income components on overall reduction in income inequality therefore depends on a household’s participation in off-farm work and government farm programs.
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