儿童贫困:乌克兰战后复兴背景下的规模和风险

Tatiana Dobrova, Ruslan Kirtoka
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引用次数: 0

摘要

战后重振乌克兰经济的挑战包括解决许多大规模问题。当务之急之一是减少儿童贫困。这是因为确保儿童拥有适当的生活条件、个人认知和身体成长的机会以及充分实现自我的机会,对于形成能够在未来实施创新的社会发展模式的质量上新的人力资本至关重要。重要的是要监测儿童贫困问题的真实程度,并充分评估它对该国长期经济潜力构成的风险。本文的目的是研究儿童贫困的动态以及这种现象对国家经济潜力的影响。这项研究的方法基础是对乌克兰家庭的生活条件进行统计和社会学分析。这篇文章根据全球公认的标准来研究儿童贫困问题,其中包括以收入衡量的绝对贫困和相对贫困,以及由于经济和社会剥夺而导致的贫困。会议指出,所研究现象的总体趋势仍然是消极的,并没有使该国更接近《2030年可持续发展目标国家方案》所作的承诺。经过分析,确定的乌克兰社会经济发展和战后复苏的主要风险是出生率的显著下降和人口危机的加剧。此外,由于贫困导致的剥夺以及属于弱势群体的青少年受到社会排斥,导致教育规模和质量下降,从而导致边缘化。最后,重点放在住区贫困问题上,这一问题正在导致乌克兰村庄的灭绝。该研究确定了政府社会经济政策的主要目标,以减少物质和社会剥夺对儿童的影响,并预防潜在的风险。
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CHILD POVERTY: SCALE AND RISKS IN THE CONTEXT OF UKRAINE'S POST-WAR REVIVAL
The challenge of reviving Ukraine's economy after the war involves addressing numerous large-scale issues. One of the highest priorities is to decrease child poverty. This is because ensuring that children have adequate living conditions, opportunities for personal cognitive and physical growth, and the chance to fully realise themselves is crucial in the formation of a qualitatively new human capital capable of implementing an innovative model of social development in the future. It is important to monitor the true extent of the child poverty problem and to fully assess the risks it poses to the country's economic potential in the long term. The purpose of this article is to examine the dynamics of child poverty and the impact of this phenomenon on the country's economic potential. The methodological basis of the study is a statistical and sociological analysis of the living conditions of Ukrainian households. The article examines child poverty based on globallyaccepted standards, which include absolute and relative poverty measured by income, as well as poverty due to financial and social deprivation. It was noted that the general trend of the phenomenon studied remains negative and does not bring the country closer to the commitments made in the National Programme for the Sustainable Development Goals 2030. Following the analysis, the identified main risks to socio-economic development and post-war recovery in Ukraine are a significant decline in birth rates and an exacerbation of the demographic crisis. Additionally, a reduction in the scale and quality of education due to poverty-induced deprivation, and social exclusion of teenagers belonging to vulnerable groups, resulting in marginalisation. Finally, an emphasis is placed on the problem of settlement poverty, which is leading to the extinction of the Ukrainian villages. The study identified key objectives for the government's socio-economic policy to reduce the effects of material and social deprivation on children and prevent potential risks.
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