Perceived relatedness-support matters most for teacher well-being: a self-determination theory perspective

ABSTRACTThis study investigated whether teachers’ perceptions of school leaders’ need-supportive practices were associated with teacher well-being using variable- and person-centred approaches. Self-determination theory was used as the theoretical lens. A sample of 611 high school teachers nested in 14 schools participated in this study. We first examined whether need-supportive leadership practices (i.e. support for autonomy, competence, and relatedness) were associated with well-being and ill-being via autonomous motivation. Results revealed that relatedness-support was positively associated with well-being and negatively associated with ill-being. However, autonomy and competence-support were not significant predictors. Next, we identified the existence of different subgroups of teachers based on their perceived need-supportive leadership using a person-centred approach. Results indicated four distinct subgroups: dissatisfied, ambivalent, average, and thriving teachers. Dissatisfied teachers have very low perceived need-support and scored particularly low in competence- and relatedness-support. Ambivalent teachers reported especially low relatedness-support. Average teachers reported average levels of need-support with scores close to the group average. Lastly, thriving teachers indicated the highest levels of perceived need-support. Each subgroup showed distinct motivation and well-being profiles. Overall, the variable and person-centred approaches provided converging evidence showing the importance of perceived need-supportive leadership for teachers’ motivation and well-being. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.KEYWORDS: SDTperceived need-supportive school leadershipvariable and person-centred approachautonomous motivationteacher well-being Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Supplementary materialSupplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2023.2263736Additional informationFundingThis research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.